,SON,    HINKT.E   &   CO. 
LAXTON,  JREMSEH  &  HAFFELFINGER. 
WORK:  CLARK  &  MAYNARO. 


LIBRARY 

OF  THK 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

OK 


Received 
Accession  No.  £  7  3 


189*1. 


WHITE'S    GRADED-SCHOOL    SERIES. 


PRIMARY 

ARITHMETIC, 

UNITING 

ORAL  AND  WRITTEN  EXERCISES 

IN  A 

NATURAL  SYSTEM  OF  INSTRUCTION, 


BY   E.  E. 


CINCINNATI  : 
WILSON,     H  INKLE     &    CO, 

PHIL'A:  CLAXTON,  REMSEN  &  HAFFELFINGER. 
NEW  YORK:  CLARK  &  MAYNARD. 


WHITE'S  GBADED-SCHOOL  SERIES. 

COMPLETE  IN  THREE  BOOKS. 

I.    PRIMARY  ARITHMETIC. 
II.    INTERMEDIATE  ARITHMETIC. 
III.     COMPLETE  ARITHMETIC. 


PLAN  OF  PRIMARY  ARITHMETIC, 

Lessons  I  to  XI  develop  the  idea  of  numbers  from  one  to  ten  and 

combine  groups  of  objects. 
Lessons  XI  to  XX  teach  the  Addition  and  Subtraction  of  num- 

bers—results not  exceeding  ten. 
Lessons  XX  to  XXIX  teach  the  Addition  and  Subtraction  of  num- 

bers— results  not  exceeding  fifty. 
Lessons  XXX  to  XLII  teach  the  Addition  of  numbers  to  amounts 

not  exceeding  one  hundred. 
Lessons  XLIII  to  LII  teach  the  Subtraction  of  numbers—  minu- 

end in  Oral  Exercises  not  exceeding  one  hundred. 
Lessons  LII  to  LXXIII  teach  the  Multiplication  of  numbers- 

product  in  Written  Exercises  not  exceeding  one  thousand. 
Lessons  LXXIII  to  XC  teach  the  Division  of  numbers—  dividend 

in  Written  Exercises  not  exceeding  one  thousand. 
Lessons  XC  to  XCII  inclusive  contain  a  General  Review. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  18GS,  by 
WILSON,  HINKLE  &  CO., 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the 
Southern  District  of  Ohio. 

KI.ECTROTYPED    AT    THE    FRANKLIN    TYPE    FOUNDRY,    CINCINNATI. 


PREFACE. 


THE  true  method  of  imparting  to  a  child  a  clear  comprehension 
of  the  value  of  numbers,  the  foundation  of  arithmetical  knowl-* 
edge,  consists  of  three  steps,  viz. :  1.  The  perception  of  numbers 
represented  by  objects  in  sigiit.  2.  The  conception  of  numbers 
applied  to  objects  not  in  sight.  3.  The  conception  of  numbers 
not  applied  to  objects.  A  knowledge  of  the  elementary  combina- 
tions of  numbers  is  best  communicated  in  the  same  manner. 

A  faithful  observance  of  this  natural  ord?r  constitutes  one  of 
the  characteris:ic  features  of  this  first  book  in  arithmetic.  Ab- 
stract numbers  and  operations  are  reached,  in  practice  as  well  as 
in  theory,  as  the  final  step.  The  plan  every-where  observed  is, 
first,  Physical  Objects  (in  sight  or  represented  by  pictures);  sec- 
ondly, Concrete  Numbers;  and,  thirdly,  Abstract  Numbers.  In 
this  and  other  evident  features,  the  book  is  n  practical  embodi- 
ment of  the  simplest  and  most  vital  principles  of  the  inductive 
method  of  instruction. 

But  the  distinguishing  feature  of  the  book,  as  well  as  of  the 
Series  of  which  it  forms  a  part,  is  the  complete  UNION  of  Mental 
(Oral)  and  Written  Arithmetic.  This  is  secured,  not  by  scattering 
a  few  miscellaneous  slate  exercises  through  the  work,  but  by 
making  every  oral  exercise  preparatory  to  a  written  one,  and  by 
uniting  both  as  the  essential  complements  of  each  other.  Slate 
and  blackboard  exercises  are  introduced  at  the  very  beginning 
of  the  course,  and  are  continued,  increasing  in  number  and  diffi- 
culty, to  the  end.  Each  lesson  gives  the  pupil  something  to  do, 
as  well  as  something  to  study. 

Two  other  noticeable  features  of  the  book  are  the  great  variety 
of  exercises — the  object  being  to  make  the  pupil  accurate  and 
rapid  in  combining  small  numbers — and  their  preeminently 
progressive  character.  Attention  may  also  be  called  to  the  pre- 
sentation of  converse  operations,  as  Addition  and  Subtraction, 
Multiplication  and  Division,  in  connection  with  each  other,  as 
well  as  separately ;  to  the  converse  forms  of  the  tables  and  their 
non  memoriter  character;  and,  also,  to  the  superior  typography, 
and  the  number,  beauty,  and  utility  of  the  illustrations. 

It  is  hoped  that  these  and  other  features  will  commend  the 
work  to  all  intelligent  and  progressive  teachers. 

Columbus,  Ohio,  May,  18G8. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  TEACHERS. 


THE  first  thirty  lessons  of  this  book  may  be  mastered  in  the 
earlier  part  of  the  primary  course.  To  this  end,  the  pupils  should 
be  advanced  very  slowly,  and  the  exercises  should  be  multiplied 
until  great  rapidity  and  accuracy  are  secured. 

The  first  step  in  every  new  combination  is  to  combine  groups 
of  objects,  and,  both  in  the  pupil's  study  and  the  teacher's  instruc- 
tion, the  pictorial  illustrations  should  be  supplemented  by  the  use 
of  visible  objects,  as  counters,  blocks,  beans,  etc.  The  teacher  should 
also  refer  to  other  familiar  objects  in  sight,  as  chairs,  desks, 
slates,  etc.  Attention  should  be  called  to  the  difference  between 
the  pictures  in  the  lessons,  and  the  objects  which  they  represent. 

Pupils  should  be  required  to  give  answers  in  complete  sentences. 
Suppose  the  question  to  be,  "How  many  tops  are  5  tops  and  4 
tops?"  The  answer  should  be,  "5  tops  and  4  tops  are  9  tops.11 
To  secure  rapidity,  drills  may  occasionally  be  introduced  in 
which  onlv  results  are  given,  as  "9  tops."*  Nothing  is  gained 


by  requiring  pupils  to  give  reasons  for  answers  to  simple  exam- 
ples, and  even  problems  which  admit  of  a  formal  analysis  should 
be  solved  briefly  and  concisely.  See  page  51. 


The  written  exercises  are  designed  to  go  hand  in  hand  with 
the  oral,  and  should  be  taught  with  equal  thoroughness.  They 
are  so  easy  and  progressive  that  but  little  explanation  will  be 
found  necessary.  They  should  not  only  be  copied  and  performed 
by  the  pupils  on  their  slates,  but  they  should  also  be  used  as 
blackboard  exercises.  Such  exercises  are  exceedingly  valuable 
•  both  as  a  means  of  awakening  interest  and  of  imparting  skill  in 
numerical  calculations. 

Blackboard  exercises,  affording  a  great  variety  of  combinations, 
and  requiring  but  little  labor  in  copying,  may  be  easily  arranged. 
The  following  are  given  as  illustrations : 

0)  (2)  (3) 

1  5                                             4 

32  76                                   12     8 

54  98                             20          16 

76  11               10                      28                24 

948  13         4         12                 36         4         32 

By  pointing  successively  to  the  figures  in  the  oblique  rows 
and  to  the  figure  between  'them,  the  first  diagram  will  afford  an 
excellent  drill  in  adding  or  in  multiplying,  the  "4,"  or  any  other 
figure  in  its  place,  being  the  number  added  or  multiplied,  as  the 
case  may  be.  The  second  diagram  will  afford  a  good  exercise 
in  subtraction,  anJ  the  third  in  division. 


PRIMARY  ARITHMETIC, 


3UBSSOH    * 

Touch  your  head.  How  many  heads  have  you? 
How  many  chins?  Hold  up  one  hand.  Hold  up 
two  hands. 

How  many  fingers  do  I  hold  up?  Hold  rfj| 
up  two  fingers.  Hold  up  one  thumb.  Hold  ^ 
up  two  thumbs. 

How  many  eyes  have  you?  How  many  cheeks? 
How  many  tongues  ?  How  many  lips  ?  How  many 
feet? 

How  many  nuts  do  you  see  in 
this  picture.?  How  many  leaves? 
How  many  stems  has  each  nut  ? 

Bring  me  one  block.     Bring  me 
two  blocks.     Take  away  one  block. 
How  many  blocks  are  left? 

Hand  me  two  books.  Take  one  of  them.  How 
many  books  have  I  left?  Make  two  marks  on  your 
slate. 

Make  the  figure  one  on  your  slate,  thus :  X 
Make  the  figure  two  on  your  slate,  thus :  J?. 
Make  the  figure  2  two  times. 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


H. 

To  TEACHERS. — Drill  the  pupils  until  they  can  tell  the 
number  of  objects  in  each  group,  and  combine  the  groups,  without 
counting. 

Hold  up  two  fingers.  Hold  up  two  hands.  r{S 
How  many  fingers  do  I  hold  up?  Hold  up  )^( 
three  fingers.  Hold  up  two  fingers. 

Here  is  a  picture  of  a  dog.  How 
many  fore  feet  has  he  ?  How  many 
hind  feet?  How  many  of  his  feet 
can  you  see? 

Bring  me  two  blocks.  Bring  me  one  more.  How 
many  blocks  have  I  now?  Take  one  block.  How 
many  blocks  have  I  left?  Make  three  marks  on 
your  slate. 


How  many  acorns  in  each  of  these  groups?     How 
many  in  the  third  group  more  than  in  the  first? 


How  many  groups  of  rabbits  do  you  see?  How 
many  rabbits  in  the  first  group?  How  many  rabbits 
in  the  second  group? 

How  many  balls  are  and         ? 

and  are  how  many  balls? 

Make  the  figure  three  on  your  slate,  thus:     j. 
Make  the  figures  1,  2,  3. 


PRIMARY    ARITHMKTIC. 


USSSON    HI.   . 

How  many  fingers  do  I  hold  up  on 
my  right  hand  ?  How  many  on  my 
left  hand?  How  many  on  both  hands? 
Hold  up  four  fingers. 

Here  is  a  picture  of  a  fine  ox. 
How  many  horns  has  he?  How 
many  ears  ?  How  many  legs  ? 
How  many  feet? 

Bring  me  four  blocks.  Take  one  of  them.  How 
many  blocks  have  I  now?  Make  three  marks  on 
your  slate.  Make  four  marks. 


How  many  groups  of  pears  do  you   see?     How 
many  pears  in  the  first  group  ?     How  many  in  the  • 
second    group?     How    many    in    the    third    group? 
How  many  pears  in  the  second  group  more  than  in 
the  first? 


How  many  flowers  in  each  of  these  groups  ?  How 
many  more  flowers  in  the  second  group  than  in  the 
first? 

How  many  blocks  are   liSP  ||p    HP   and    HIP  ? 

HP  and  |ijp  pip  are  how  many  blocks? 
How  many  balls  are          and  4i§? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


Make  the  figure  four,  thus :    ^.     Make  the  figure 
4  four  times.     Make  1,  2,-  3,  4. 

To  TEACHERS. — Multiply  these   exercises  until  the  pupils 
can  add  the  groups  instantly,  without  counting. 


USSSOSI 

How  many  fingers  do  I  hold  iip  on 
my  right  hand?  How  many  on  my 
left  hand?  How  many  on  both  hands? 
Hold  up  four  fingers.  Hold  up  five  fingers. 

How  many  geese  do  you 
see  in  this  picture  ?  How 
many  goslings  ?  If  two  gos- 
lings should  go  away,  how 
many  would  be' left? 

Place  four  blocks  on  the 
table.  Add  one  block  more. 
How  many  blocks  are  there  now?  Take  away  two 
blocks.  How  many  blocks  are  left? 


How  many  groups  of  tops  are  here?  How  many 
tops  in  the  first  group?  How  many  in  the  third? 
How  many  in  the  second? 


How  many  horses  in  each  of  these  groups?     How 
many  in  the  first  group  more  than  in  the  second  ? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC.  9 

Place  three  blocks  on  the  table.     Add  two  blocks 
more.     How  many  blocks  are  there? 

How  many  balls  are  and  ^p? 

and  are  how  many  balls? 

Make  the  figure  five,  thus  :     &     Make  the  'figure 
5  five  times.     Make  1,  2,  3;  4,  5. 


USSSOH    V. 

How  many  fingers  do  I  hold  up  on 
my  right  hand?  How  many  on  my 
left  hand?  How  many  on  both  hands? 
Hold  up  five  fingers.  Hold  up  six  fingers. 

How  many  little  chickens 
do  you  see  in  this  picture? 
How  many  are  near  the  old 
hen's  beak?  How  many  are 
near  her  right  wing?  How 
many  in  both  groups? 

Place  five  blocks  on  the  table.  Add  one  block 
more.  How  many  blocks  on  the  table  now?  Take 
away  three  blocks.  How  many  blocks  are  left? 


Here  are  how  many  groups  of  girls  ?  How  many 
girls  are  in  the  first  group?  How  many  in  the 
second?  How  many  more  girls  in  the  second  group 
than  in  the  first? 


10 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


How  many  kittens  in  each  group  below?     How 
many  more  in  the  first  group  than  in  the  second? 


How  many  stars  are  -/-  ;|c  -)'-  -/-  -/•  and  -/-? 
'!'  */r  '!-  '!'  an(i  '!-  w  are  how  many  stars?  How 
many  stars  are  -*'-  -)J-  and  -)'-  -)(-? 

]\Iake  the  figure  six,  thus  :  &  Make  1,  2,  3,  4, 
5,  6.  How  many  figures  have  you  made? 


3L.BSSOH 

How  many  fingers  do  I  hold  up  on 
my  right  hand?  How  many  on  my 
left  hand?  How  many  on  both  hands? 
Hold  up  six  fingers.  Hold  up  seven  fingers. 

Here  is  a  bird's  nest.  How 
many  eggs  are  in  it?  If  the 
bird  should  lay  one  egg  more, 
how  many  eggs  would  there 
then  be  in  the  nest? 

Place  six  blocks  on  the  table.  Add  one  block 
more.  Six  blocks  and  one  block  are  how  many 
blocks  ?  Take  away  two  blocks.  How  many  blocks 
are  left  on  the  table? 


Here  are  two   groups  of  beautiful  acorns.     How 
many  acorns  in  the  first  group  ?     How  many  in  the 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


11 


second  group?     How  many  more  in  the  second  group 
than  in  the  first? 


How  many  pears  in  each  of  these  groups?  How 
many  more  in  the  first  than  in  the  second  ?  If  two 
ipears  should  be  taken  from  the  first  group,  how  many 
would  be  left? 

How  many  blocks  are  •  and  ' 


and  PJOiiP  are  how  many  blocks? 
Make  the  figure  seven,  thus  :    f.     Make  the  figure 
7  seven  times.     Make  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7. 


USSSOH    VH. 

How  many  fingers  do  I  hold  up  on 
my    right    hand  ?     How    many    on    my 
left  hand?     How  many  on  both  hands? 
Hold  up  eight  fingers.     Put  down  two  fingers.     How 
many  fingers  are  now  up? 

OJ 

^  Here  are  two  fine  rab- 

bits. How  many  ears 
have  both  of  them? 
How  many  legs  has  each 
rabbit?  How  many  legs 
have  they  both? 

Place  four  blocks  on  the  table.     Add  four  blocks 
more.     How  many  blocks  are  now  on  the  table? 


12 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


Place  eight  blocks  on  the  table.  Take  away  one 
block.  How  many  blocks  are  left  ?  Take  away  two 
blocks  more.  How  many  blocks  are  now  left? 


How  many  boys  are  in  the  first  group?  How 
many  in  the  second?  How  many  in  the  third? 
How  many  boys  in  the  third  group  more  than  in 
the  first? 


How  many  tops  are  spinning  in  the  first  group? 
How  many  in  the  second?  How  many  in  the  first 
more  than  in  the  second?  If  two  tops  were  taken 
from  the  first  group,  how  many  would  be  left? 

and  are  how  many  balls? 

Make  the  figure  eight,  thus:  <P.  Make  1,  2,  3,  4, 
5;  6,  7,  8.  How  many  figures  have  you  made? 


&.HS80N    VHI. 

How  many  fingers  do  I  hold  up  on 
my    right    hand?     How   many   on    my 
left  hand?     How   many  thumbs    do    I 
hold  up  ?     How  many  fingers  and  thumbs  do  I  hold 
up  on  both  hands? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


13 


How  many  joints  in  each  of  your  fingers?  (Three 
joints.)  How  many  joints  in  two  fingers?  How 
many  joints  in  three  fingers  ? 

Here  is  a  nice  peach. 
How  many  leaves  are  on  the 
limb?  If  there  were  two 
leaves  more,  how  many  would 
there  then  be?  If  you  should 
iff  '  pick  two  leaves,  how  many 

would  be  left  on  the  limb? 

Place  seven  blocks  on  the  table.  Add  two  blocks 
more.  Seven  blocks  and  two  blocks  are  how  many 
blocks?  Take  three  blocks.  How  many  blocks  are 
left? 


How  many  quails  in  each  group?     How  many  in 
the  second  group  more  than  in  the  first? 


Here  are  two  rows  of  books.  How  many  books 
in  the  first  row?  How  many  in  the  second?  How 
many  more  books  in  the  second  row  than  in  the 
first? 

How  many  stars  are  -)J-  -)'-  -/-  ->(-  ->(-  -)'-  and  -> '-  -X-  ? 
JL  .V-  .V.  and  -V-  -V-  -V-  -V-  -V-  -V-  are  how  many  stars? 
How  many  stars  are  -)'-  -)'-  -)'-  -JJ-  and  -"-  -)  ••  -)(-  -/-  ->'-  ? 

Make  the  figure  nine,  thus :  0.  Make  the  figure 
9  nine  times.  Make  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9. 


14 


PRIMARY    ARITHMKTIC. 


How  many  fingers  do  I  hold  up? 
How  many  thumbs?  How  many  fin- 
gers and  thumbs  counted  together? 

Here  is  a  nice  fan,  and  a  pair 
of  gloves.     How  many  fingers  has 
each    glove?     How    many    fingers 
have    both    gloves?      How    many 
folds  has  the  fan?     Count  them. 
How  many  nails  are  on  your  right  liand?     How 
many  nails  on  your  left  hand?     How  many  on  both 
hands? 


How  many  keys  in  the  first  group?  How  many 
in  the  second?  How  many  in  the  third?  How 
many  more  keys  in  the  third  group  than  in  the  first? 


How  many  poplar  trees  in  the  first  row?  How 
many  in  the  second  row?  How  many  more  trees  in 
the  first  row  than  in  the  second? 


^ULJLJ  _JOLJL^ 

Place  ten  blocks  in  a  row.  Take  away  five  blocks. 
How  many  blocks  are  left?  Take  away  five  more. 
How  many  blocks  are  now  left? 

Make  the  character  naught,  thus  :  ^  This  stands 
for  not  any  or  nothing.  Make  ten,  thus :  /#.  Make 
0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10. 


PRIMARY    ARITHMET 


JUBSSON 


03' 


Count  the  balls  in  each  row  from  left  to  right  and 
from  right  to  left.  Count  also  the  rows  up  and 
down. 

Naught. 


One. 

Two. 

Three. 

Four. 

Five. 

Six. 

Seven. 

Eight, 

Nine. 

Ten. 


0      1      2      3      4     5      6     7     8     9      10 


How  many  balls  are  in  the  lowest  row?  How 
many  in  the  third  row  from  the  top?  How  many 
in  the  fifth  row  ?  How  many  in  the  seventh  ?  How 
many  horizontal  rows  are  there  ?  How  many  verti- 
cal rows? 

To  TEACHERS. — Make  this  table  on  the  blackboard,  using 
circles,  squares,  triangles  or  other  simple  figures,  and  drill  the 
pupils  in  rapid  counting,  thus  (pointing  to  the  figures):  One; 
one,  two;  two,  one;  one,  two,  three;  three,  two,  one,  etc. — each 
row  being  counted  in  two  directions.  Count  first  the  horizontal 
rows  and  then  the  vertical.  The  drill  should  be  continued  until 
great  rapidity  and  accuracy  are  secured. 


16  PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


USSSON 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

To  TEACHERS.  —  The  object  of  this  and  the  next  eight  lessons 
is  to  teach  the  addition  and  subtraction  of  numbers  not  exceed- 
ing ten.  The  first  step  is  to  add  and  subtract  groups  of  visible 
objects,  or  objects  represented  by  pictures  ;  the  second,  to  add  and 
subtract  groups  of  objects  not  in  sight  (concrete  numbers)  ;  and 
the  third,  to  add  and  subtract  the  corresponding  abstract  numbers. 
The  exercises  in  each  step  should  be  multiplied  until  the  results 
are  given  by  the  pupils  instantly,  without  counting.  The  tables 
may  be  recited  thus:  0  and  1  are  1;  1  and  1  are  2;  2  and  1  are  3, 
etc.;  and  1  from  1  leaves  0;  1  from  2  leaves  1,  etc. 


1.  Here  is  a  bird's  nest  and  here  is  one.     One 
nest  and  one  nest  are  how  many  nests?     Two  nests 
and  one  nest  are  how  many  nests? 

2.  One  bird  and  one  bird  are  how  many  birds? 
Two  birds  and  one  bird  are  how  many  birds? 

How  many  are  1  and  1  ?     2  and  1  ? 


3.  John  caught  three  fishes,  and  then  he  caught 
one  more.  How  many  did  he  catch  in  all?  Four 
fishes  and  one  fish  are  how  many  fishes? 

How  many  are  3  and  1?     4  and  1? 


4.  Charles  has  picked  five  fine  clusters  of  cherries 
and  John  one.      Five  clusters  and  one  cluster   are 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


17 


how  many  clusters?     Six  clusters  and  one  cluster? 

How  many  are  5  and  1?     6  and  1? 

5.  If  Charles  should  give  one  of  his  clusters  to 
Jane,  how  many  would  he  have  left?  One  cluster 
from  five  clusters  leaves  how  many  clusters? 

One  from  5  leaves  how  many  ?     1  from  6  ? 


6.  Seven   acorns    and    one   acorn    are  how  many 
acorns?     Eight  acorns  and  one  acorn? 

How  many  are  7  and  1  ?     8  and  1  ? 

7.  Eight  boys  and  one  boy  are  how  many  boys? 
Nine  boys  and  one  boy  are  how  many  boys?     One 
boy  from  nine  boys  leaves  how  many? 


8.  How  many  tops  are  5  tops  and  1  top?     6  tops 
and  1  top?     3  tops  and  1  top?     8  tops  and  1  top? 

7  tops  and  1  top  ?     9  tops  and  1  top  ? 

9.  One  top  from  3  tops   leaves  how  many  tops? 
1  top  from  5  tops?     1  top  from  7  tops?     1  top  from 

8  tops?     1  top  from  6  tops?     1  top  from  10  tops? 


Hoiv  many  are 

TaJce 

0  and  1? 

1  from     1. 

1  and  1? 

1  from     2. 

2  and  1? 

1  from     3. 

3  and  1? 

1  from     4. 

4  and  1  ? 

1  from     5. 

5  and  1? 

1  from     6. 

6  and  1? 

1  from     7. 

7  and  1  ? 

1  from     8. 

8  and  1? 

1  from     9. 

9  and  1? 

1  from  10. 

P.  A.  2. 


18 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


10.  How  many  are  2  and  1?     4  and  1?     6  and  1? 
Sandl?     9andl?     3  and  1?     5  and  1?     7  and  1? 

11.  One  from   3  leaves   how  many?     1  from  5? 
1  from   6?      1   from   7?      1  from   9?      1  from  10? 
1  from  8?     1  from  4? 


3L.BSSOH    3CH, 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  fingers  are  one  finger  and  one  fin- 
ger ?     One  finger  and  two  fingers  ? 


2.  How  many  clusters  of  grapes  are  one  cluster 
and  two  clusters  ?     Two  clusters  and  two  clusters  ? 
How  many  are  1  and  2?     2  and  2? 


3.  Jane  has  picked  three  violets   and  Kate  two : 
how  many  violets  have  both  picked?     Four  violets 
and  two  violets  are  how  many  violets? 

How  many  are  3  and  2?     4  and  2? 

4.  Two  violets  from  five  violets  leave  how  many 
violets?     Two  violets  from  six  violets? 

Two  from  5  leaves  how  many  ?     2  from  6  ? 


5.  Here  are  five  lambs,  and   here   are  two  more. 
How  many  lambs  do  you  see? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


19 


6.  Two  lambs   from  six  lambs   leave   how  many 
lambs?     Two  lambs  from  seven  lambs? 
Two  from  6  leaves  how  many?     2  from  7? 


7.  How  many  robins  do  you  see?     Six  robins  and 
two   robins    are    how   many  robins?     Seven   robins 
and  two  robins? 

How  many  are  6  and  2  ?     7  and  2  ? 

8.  How  many  do  two  birds  from  eight  birds  leave? 
Two  birds  from  nine  birds? 

TWTO  from  9  leaves  how  many?     2  from  8? 


9.  Here  are  eight  shells   in  one   group   and  two 
shells  in  another.     How  many  are  eight  shells  and 
two  shells? 

How  many  are  8  and  2?     7  and  2? 

10.  Jane  found  ten  shells  and  gave  two  of  them  to 
Willie:  how  many  had  she  left? 

Two  from  10  leaves  how  many?     2  from  9? 


How  many  are 

0  and  2? 

1  and  2? 

2  and  2? 
3. and  2? 

4  and  2? 

5  and  2? 

6  and  2? 

7  and  2? 

8  and  2? 


TaJce 
2  from 
2  from 
2  from 
2  from 
2  from 
2  from 
2  from 
2  from     9. 
2  from  10, 


20  PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 

11.  How  many  are  2  and  2?     4  and  2?     3  and  2? 
5  and  2?     6  and  2?     8  and  2?     7  and  2? 

12.  Two  from  4  leaves  how  many?     2  from  3? 
2  from  5?      2  from   7?'    2  from  6?      2   from  8? 
2  from  10?     2  from  9? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)      (2)      (3)      (4)     (5)     (6)  (1)      (2)  '  (3)     (4)     (5)     (6) 

222222  122112 

Add  246875  122222 

122121 

(1)     (2)     (3)    (4)      (5)     (6)  122212 

From  4      6       8     10      9      7  Add  _1     _2    _1_    _4 
Take    222222 


To  TEACHERS. — These  exercises  should  be  copied  by  the 
pupils  on  their  slates,  added,  and  the  results  properly  written 
below.  They,  or  similar  exercises,  should  also  be  written  on  the 
blackboard,  and  the  class  drilled  on  them  until  the  results  are 
given  instantly.  In  adding  the  columns  at  the  right,  the  results 
only  should  be  named;  as,  (Ex.  3)  1,  3,  5,  7,  9. 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How    many    blocks    are    one   block    and    two 
blocks?     One  block  and  three  blocks? 


2.  How  many  horses  do  you  see?  Two  horses 
and  three  horses  are  how  many  horses?  Three 
horses  and  three  horses? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


21 


3.  Two  marbles  and  three  marbles  are  how  many 
marbles?     Three  marbles  and  three  marbles? 

How  many  are  2  and  3?     3  and  3? 

4.  A  man  has  five  horses :  if  he  sell  three  of  them, 
how  many  will  he  have  left? 

Three  from  5  leaves  how  many?     3  from  6? 


5.  How   many  fawns   are    in   these   two   groups? 
Five  fawns  and  three  fawns  are  how  many  fawns? 

6.  Four  squirrels  are  running  on  a  fence  and  three 
are  on  a  tree.     How   many  are    four  squirrels  and 
three  squirrels?     Five  squirrels  and  three  squirrels? 

How  many  are  4  and  3  ?     5  and  3  ? 


7.  Six  kittens  and  three  kittens  are  how  many  kit- 
tens?    7  kittens  and  3  kittens? 

8.  How  many  boys  are  six  boys  and  three  boys  ? 
Seven  boys  and  three  boys? 

How  many  are  6  and  3?     7  and  3? 

9.  Three    kittens    from  -nine    kittens    leave    how 
many  ?     Three  kittens  from  ten  kittens  ? 

Three  from  9  leaves  how  many?     3  from  10? 

10.  How  many  pears  are  7  pears  and  3  pears?* 
6  pears  and  3  pears?     5  pears  and  3  pears?     4  pears 
and  3  pears?     3  pears  and  3  pears? 


22 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


11.  How  many  caps  are  1  cap  and  3  caps?     3  caps 
and  3  caps?     5  caps  and  3  caps?    4  caps  and  3  caps? 
6  caps  and  3  caps?     7  caps  and  3  caps? 

12.  Three  pears  from   4  pears   leave  how  many 
pears?    3  pears  from  6  pears?    3  pears  from  8  pears? 
3  pears  from  10  pears?     3  pears  from  7  pears? 


Hoiv  many  arc 

0  and  3? 

1  and  3? 

2  and  3? 

3  and  3? 

4  and  3? 

5  and  3? 

6  and  3? 

7  and  3? 


Take 

3  from 
3  from 
3  from 
3  from 
3  from 
3  from 
3  from 


3  from  10. 


13.  How  many  are  1  and  3?     3  and  3?     2  and  3? 
5  and  3?     4  and  3?     7  and  3?     6  and  3? 

14.  How  many  are  3  and  2?     3  and  1?     3  and  4? 
3  and  5?     3  and  6?     3  and  3?     3  and  7? 

15.  Three  from  4  leaves  how  many?     3  from  6? 
3  from  5?     3  from  8?     3  from  7?     3  from  10?     3 
from  9? 

16.  Three  from  5  leaves  how  many?     2  from  5? 
3  from  9?     2  from  9?     3  from  8?     2  from  8?     3 
from  10? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(1)      (2)      (3)      (4)      (5)      (6) 

333333 

Add  _2    _£    _5    _7    _6    _3 

(1)      (2)      (3)    (4)       (5)     (6) 
From  5       7       8     10       9       6      Add 
Take    333333 


(1)      (2)      (3)     (4)     (5)     (6) 


1  3 

3  1 

1  0 

3  3 


2  2 

2  1 

3  3 

2  1 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  23 


3UBSSON 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  fingers  are  one  finger  and  three  fin- 
gers?    One  finger  and  four  fingers? 


2.  Here  are  two  rabbits,  and  here  are  four  more. 
How  many  are  two  rabbits  and  four  rabbits? 

One  and  4  are  how  many?     2  and  4? 

3.  If  four  of  these  six  rabbits  should  run  away, 
how  many  would  be  left?     Four  rabbits  from  six 
rabbits  leave  how  many  rabbits? 

Four  from  5  leaves  how  many?     4  from  6? 


4.  Henry  has  bought  three  pine-apples,  and  Jane 
four :  how  many  pine-apples  have  they  both  ? 

5.  How  many  oranges  are  three  oranges  and  four 
oranges?     Four  oranges  and  four  oranges? 

Three  and  4  are  how  many?     4  and  4? 


6.  How  many   acorns  are  five    acorns    and    four 
acorns?     Six  acorns  and  four  acorns? 

7.  How  many  are  five  marbles  and  four  marbles? 
Six  marbles  and  four  marbles? 

Five  and  4  are  how  many?     6  and  4? 


24 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


8.  Nine  robins  are  standing  on  a  limb :   if  four 
should  fly  away,  how  many  would  be  left  ? 

9.  Four  robins  from  ten  robins  leave  how  many 
robins?     Four  robins  from  nine  robins? 

Four  from  9  leaves  how  many?     4  from  10? 


10.  Here  are  two  rows  of  trees.     How  many  trees 
in  both  rows  ?     How  many  are  3  trees  and  4  trees  ? 
5  trees  and  4  trees?     6  trees  and  4  trees? 

11.  How  many  are  2  doves  and  4  doves?     4  doves 
and  4  doves?     6  doves  and  4  doves?     5  doves  and 
4  doves?     3  doves  and  4  doves? 

12.  Four  trees  from  6  trees  leave  how  many  trees? 
4  trees  from  8  trees?     4  trees  from  10  trees?     4  trees 
from  7  trees?     4  trees  from  9  trees? 


How  many  are 

0  and  4? 

1  and  4? 

2  and  4? 

3  and  4? 

4  and  4? 

5  and  4? 

6  and  4? 


Talte 
4  from 
4  from 
4  from 
4  from 
4  from 
4  from 
4  from 


13.  How  many  are  2  and  4?     4  and  4  ?     3  and  4? 
5  and  4?     6  and  4? 

14.  How  many  are  4  and  1  ?     4  and  3?     4  and  5  ? 
4  and  4?     4  and  2?     4  and  6? 

15.  Four  from  five  leaves  how  many?     4  from  4? 
4  from  6?     4  from  7?     4  from  9? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


25 


16.  Four  from  6  leaves  how  many?     4  from  8? 
3  from  8?     4  from  10?     3  from  10? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(1)     (2)      (3)      (4)      (5)      (6) 
44444 
Add    _2     j4     _3_    _5     _6_ 

(1)      (2)      (3)      (4)     (5) 
From  6      8      7      9     10 


Take    4      4 


4      4 


(1)      (2)      (3)     (4)     (5)      (6) 


4 

4 

2 

•2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

4 

4 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

0 

(6) 

1 

4 

0 

2 

2 

3 

5 

Add    1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

2 

3UESSGM 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  girls  are  one  girl  and  five  girls? 
Two  girls  and  five  girls? 


2.  Plow  many  are  two  palm  trees  and  five  palm 
trees  ?     One  palm  tree  and  five  palm  trees  ? 

How  many  are  1  and  5?     2  and  5? 

3.  A  hunter  saw  six  "deer,  and  five  of  them  ran 
away :  how  many  deer  were  left  ? 

4.  Five  deer  from  six  deer  leave  how  many  deer? 
Five  deer  from  seven  deer? 

Five  from  6  leaves  how  many?     5  from  7? 


5.  Here  are  two  groups  of  flies.     How  many  flies 
are  three  flies  and  five  flies?     Four  flies  and  five  flies? 


26 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


6.  How  many  rabbits  are  three  rabbits  and  five 
rabbits?     Four  rabbits  and  five  rabbits? 

How  many  are  3  and  5?     4  and  5? 

7.  Mr.  Smith  owns  eight  sheep :  if  he  sell  five  of 
them,  how  many  sheep  will  he  have  left? 

Five  from  8  leaves  how  many?     5  from  7? 


8.  Kate  has  five  pears  in  one  basket,  and  five  in 
another :  how  many  pears  lias  she  in  both  ? 

9.  How  many  are  four  stars  and  five  stars?    Five 
stars  and  five  stars? 

10.  Five  pears  from  nine  pears  leave  how  many 
pears?     Five  pears  from  ten  pears? 

Five  from  9  leaves  how  many?     5  from  10? 


11.  How  many  quails  are  2  quails  and  5  quails? 
1  quail  and   5  quails?     3  quails  and   5  quails?     5 
quails  and  5  quails?     4  quails  and  5  quails? 

12.  Five    birds    from    6    birds    leave    how    many 
birds?     5  birds  from  8  birds'?     5  birds  from  7  birds? 
5  birds  from  10  birds?     5  birds  from  9  birds? 


JToiv  DI a  11 1/  are 

0  and  5? 

1  and  5? 

2  and  5? 

3  and  5? 

4  and  5? 

5  and  5? 


Taltc 

J5  from  5. 
5  from  .  6. 
5  from  .  7. 
5  from  8. 
5  from  9. 
5  from  10. 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


27 


13.  How  many  are  1  and  5?     3  and  5?     2  and  5? 

4  and  5?     5  and  5? 

14.  How  many  are  5  and  2?     5  and  1?     5  and  3? 

5  and  5?     5  and  4? 

15.  Five  from  5  leaves  how  many?     5  from  7? 
5  from  6?     5  from  8?     5  from  9?     5  from  10? 

16.  How  many  are  3  and  3?     4  and  4?     5  and  5? 
2  and  2?     4  and  3?     5  and  3?     7  and  3? 

17.  Two  from  8  leaves  how  many?     4  from  8? 
5   from  8?     3  from    8?     3   from   9?     4   from  9? 
5  from  9?     2  from .9? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(1)     (2)      (3)      (4)      (5)      (6) 

555555 

Add     254130 


(1)      (2)     (3)      (4)      (5)     (6) 


(1)    (2)       (3)      (4)      (5)      (6)  2 

From  7     10       9       6       8      5      Add  _ 
Take    555555 


1       2 


USSSONf 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Jane  picked  one  nice  cluster  of  cherries,  and 
Harry  picked  six  clusters:  how  many  clusters  did 
they  both  pick? 


2.  How  many  clusters  are  one  cluster  and  six  clus- 
ters?    Two  clusters  and  six  clusters? 
How  many  are  1  and  6?     2  and  6? 


23  PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 

3.  How  many  clusters  of  cherries  will  remain  if 
you  take  six  clusters  from  seven  clusters?  Six  clus- 
ters from  eight  clusters? 

Six  from  7  leaves  how  many?     6  from  8? 


4.  Charles  found  three  shells  on  the  sea-shore,  and 
John  six:  how  many  shells  did  both  find? 

5.  How  many  pebbles  are  two   pebbles   and   six 
pebbles?     Three  pebbles  and  six  pebbles? 

How  many  are  2  and  6?     3  and  6? 

6.  How  many  shells  will  remain  if  you  take  six 
shells  from  nine  shells?     Six  shells  from  eight  shells? 

Six  from  9  leaves  how  many  ?     6  from  8  ? 


7.  How   many   rabbits    in   each    of  these   groups? 
How  many  are  four  rabbits  and  six  rabbits?     Three 
rabbits  and  six  rabbits? 

How  many  are  4  and  6  ?     3  and  6  ? 

8.  A  hunter  saw  ten  rabbits,  and   caught  six  of 
them :  how  many  rabbits  got  away  ? 

9.  How  many  will  remain  if  you  take  six  marbles 
from  ten  marbles?     Six  marbles  from  nine  marbles? 

Six  from  10  leaves  how  many?     6  from  9? 


10.  How  many  blocks  are  2  blocks  and  6  blocks? 
1  block  and  6 'blocks?  3  blocks  and  6  blocks? 
4  blocks  and  6  blocks? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  29 

11.  How  many   pears  are  1   pear  and  6   pears? 
3  pears  and  6  pears?     2  pears  and  6  pears?     4  pears 
and  6  pears? 

12.  Six  blocks  from   7   blocks    leave    how   many 
blocks?      6  blocks  from  6  blocks?      6  blocks  from 

8  blocks?      6  blocks  from  10  blocks?     6  blocks  from 

9  blocks? 


Hoiv  many  are 

0  and  6? 

1  and  6? 

2  and  6? 

3  and  6? 

4  and  6? 


Talce 

6  from  6. 
6  from  7. 
6  from  8. 
6  from  9. 
6  from  10. 


13.  How  many  are  1  and  6?     3  and  6?     4  and  6? 

2  and  6 ?    6  and  1  ?     6  and  2?     6  and  4? 

14.  Six  from   7  leaves  how  many?     6   from  8? 
6  from  10?     6  from  9?     6  from  6? 

15.  How  many  are  4  and  3?     5  and  4?     3  and  6? 
6  and  2?     4  and  5?     6  and  3?     5  and  3? 

16.  How  many  are  2  and  4?     3  and  6?     5  and  3? 

4  and  4?     6  and  4?     3  and  4?     4  and  5? 

17.  Two  from  6  leaves  how  many?     3  from  9? 

5  from  10?     4  from   7?     4   from   9?     2   from  8? 

3  from  10? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5) 

66666  61112 

Add  32410  11033 

06432 

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  2  1  3  2  1 

From  9        8      10        7        6  A<*d  JL_ 

Take   66666 


30  PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


USSSOKI 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  pine-apples  are  one  pine-apple  and 
seven  pine-apples  ?  Two  pine-apples  and  seven  pine- 
apples ? 


2.  A   fruit  dealer  bought  eight  pine-apples,  and 
sold  seven  of  them:  how  many  had  he  left? 

3.  Seven  pine-apples  from  eight  pine-apples  leave 
how  many  pine-apples? 

4.  How  many  are  two  apples  and  seven  apples? 
Two  peaches  and  seven  peaches?     Two  pears  and 
seven  pears?     Two  plums  and  seven  plums? 

How  many  are  1  and  7?     2  and  7? 

5.  Seven  apples  from  eight  apples  leave  how  many 
apples?     Seven  apples  from  nine  apples? 

Seven  from  8  leaves  how  many?     7  from  9? 


6.  Here  are  two  rows  of  tops,  and  all  are  spinning. 
How  many  tops  are  three  tops  and  seven  tops  ?     Two 
tops  and  seven  tops? 

7.  If  seven  of  these  tops  should  stop  spinning,  how 
many  would  then  be  spinning?     Seven  tops   from 
ten  tops  leave   how  many  tops?     Seven  tops  from 
nine  tops? 

Seven  from  10  leaves  how  many?     7  from  9? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMKTIG. 


31 


8.  How  many  nuts  are  two  nuts  and  seven  nuts? 
Three  nuts  and  seven  nuts?  Three  cakes  and  seven 
cakes? 

How  many  are  1  and  7?     2  and  7?     3  and  7? 


9.  How  many  crowns  are  1  crown  and  8  crowns? 
2  crowns  and  8  crowns  ? 

10.  How  many  girls  are  one  girl  and  eight  girls? 
Two  girls  and  eight  girls? 

How  many  are  1  and  8?     2  and  8? 

11.  There  are  ten  boys  playing  together:  if  eight 
of  them   go  home,   how   many  boys  will   be    left? 
Eight  boys  from  ten  boys  leave  how  many  boys? 

Eight  from  10  leaves  how  many?     8  from  9? 

12.  How  many  chairs  are  1  chair  and  7  chairs? 
1  chair  and  8  chairs  ?    2  chairs  and  7  chairs  ?    2  chairs 
and  8  chairs? 

13.  How  many  crowns  will   remain   if  you  take 
7  crowns  from  10  crowns?     8  crowns  from  10  crowns? 

7  crowns  from  9  crowns?     8  crowns  from  9  crowns? 

8  crowns  from  8  crowns? 

Sow  many  are 

0  and  7? 

1  and  7? 

2  and  7? 

3  and  7? 

0  and  8? 

1  and  8? 


2  and  8? 


Take 

7  from  7. 

7  from  8. 

7  from  9. 

7  from  10. 

8  from  8. 
8  from  9. 
8  from  10. 


14.  How  many  are  2  and  7?     2  and  8?     3  and  7? 
Iand8?     land  7?    8  and  2?     7  and  3? 


32  PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 

15.  Seven  from  10  leaves  how  many?     7  from  8? 

7  from  9?     8  from  10?     8  from  8?     8  from  9? 

16.  How  many  are  4  and  5?     4  and  6?     5  and  4? 
6  and  4?     3  and  6?     3  and  5?     6  and  3?     5  and  3? 

2  and  6?     4  and  3?     4  and  6?     2  and  5? 

17.  How  many  remain  when  you  take  3  from  7? 

3  from  9?     4  from  10?     5  from  10?     6  from  10? 
3   from   8?     5   from   8?     6   from    8?     4    from   8? 

8  from  8?     7  from  9? 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)   (2)  (3)   (4)  (5)  (6)  (1)   (2)  (3)   (4)  (5)  (6) 

777888  771801 

Add  231120  101014 

017103 

(1)      (2)     (3)      (4)      (5)      (6)  100081 

From  9     10      8       9     10      8  Add  _!    J*     _i    _i    _1    J. 
Take    777888 


REVIEW. 

1.  John  has  4  marbles  in  one  hand,  and  three  mar- 
bles in  the  other:  how  many  marbles  has  he  in  both 
hands  ? 

2.  Jane  has  found  a  nest  with  7  eggs  in  it :  if  she 
take  4   eggs  from  the  nest,  how  many  will  remain? 

3.  Frank  had   5   cherries,  and    his  mother   gave 
him  4:  how  many  cherries  had  he  then? 

4.  Willie  has  3  apples  in  his  hand,  and  6  in  his 
basket :  how  many  apples  has  he  ? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  33 

5.  There  are  8  pigeons  sitting  on  a  limb:  if  5  fly 
away,  how  many  pigeons  will  be  left? 

6.  There  are  9  men  in  a  stage  coach :  if  4  get  out 
of  the  coach,  how  many  men  will  be  left  ? 

7.  How  many  are  2  and  2?     2   and   2   and   2? 

2  and  2  and  2  and  2?     2  and  2  and  2  and  2  and  2? 
2andl?     2  and  3  and  5? 

8.  How  many  are  3  and  3  and  3?    3  and  1  and  3? 

3  and  4?    3  and  4  and  2?    4  and  2?    4  and  2  and  3? 

4  and  4  and  2? 

9.  How  many  will  remain  if  you  take  5  from  7? 

5  from  9?     5  from  8?     6  from  8?     6  from  10?     6 
from  9?     4  from  7?     4  from  9? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (6)  (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (6) 

654312"  221120 

Add  345678  120104 

112203 

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (6)  111422 

From  9      8       7     10      6      5 

Take    654635      A<*d  123120 


3L.BSSOH 

EEVIEW. 

1.  John  holds  up  5  fingers,  and  Henry  3:    how 
many  fingers  do  both  hold  up? 

2.  Charles  has  placed  9  blocks  on  the  table:   if 
Mary   take    away  seven  of  them,  how  many  blocks 
will  be  left  on  the  table  ? 

P.  A.  3. 


34  PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 

3.  Susan  has  made  8  figures  on  her  slate:  if  she 
should  rub  out  5  of  them,  how  many  figures  would 
be  left? 

4.  There  are  3  bottles  in  one  row,  and, 5  bottles  in 
another :  how  many  bottles  in  both  rows  ? 

5.  A  farmer  has  5  cows  in  one  lot,  and  4  cows  in 
another  lot :  how  many  cows  has  he  in  both  lots  ? 

6.  Charles  had  10  cents,  and  spent  7  cents  for  an 
orange :  how  many  cents  had  he  left  ? 

7.  Jane  picked  9  peaches,  and  gave  6  of  them  to 
her  little  brothers:  how  many  peaches  had  she  left? 

8.  How  many   are   4   and   4?     4   and   4  and   2? 

4  and  3?     4  and   3  and  3?     5  and   3?     5   and   3 
and  2?     2  and  3?     2  and  3  and  4? 

9.  HowT  many  will  remain  If  you  take  5  from  8? 

5  from   9?     6  "from   10?     6    from    8?     4   from  7? 
4  from  9?     4  from  8?     3  from  10?     3  from  8? 

10.  Take  3  from  6.      3  from   9.      3  from   7.     4 
from  8.     4  from  10.     4  from  7.     7  from  9.     7  from 
10.     8  from  10.     6  from  10. 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)   (2)   (3)   (4)  (5)  (6)  (1)   (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (6) 

243565  111016 

Add  756432  130111 

—  —  —  —  323420 

(1)      (2)     (3)    (4)       (5)     (6)  221121 

From  6      7       8      9       7     10  J      J       1       2      2       1 

Take   3      4      5      6      4      7  Add    2    JL_    J^   J,    _^    J^ 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


35 


3UBSSGH 

ORAL  EXERCISES, 

To  TEACHERS. — The  object  of  this  and  the  next  lesson  is  to 
develop  the  idea  of  each  number  from  eleven  to  twenty  inclusive, 
to  teach  its  name,  and  the  mode  of  representing  it  by  figures. 
Make  ten  marks  on  the  blackboard,  and  make  beneath  these, 
successively,  one  mark,  two  marks,  three  marks,  etc.  Add  the 
lower  group  to  the  upper,  and  give  the  appropriate  name  to  the 
result,  as  to  four  and  ten,  fourteen.  Blocks,  beans,  etc.,  may  also 
be  used  in  a  similar  manner. 

Before  answering  the  three  questions  below  the  illustrations, 
the  pupil  should,  in  each  case,  add  and  subtract  the  groups  of 
objects  represented;  thus:  "Ten  trees  and  one  tree  are  eleven 
trees;  one  tree  from  eleven  trees  leaves  ten  trees." 


1.  How  many  boys  are  10  boys  and  1  boy? 
How  many  are  10  and  1  ?    Write  eleven,  thus :  //. 
One  from  11  leaves  how  many? 


2.  How  many  stars  are  10  stars  and  2  stars? 
How  many  are  10  and  2?  Write  twelve,  thus: 
Two  from  12  leaves  how  many? 


3.  How  many  balls  are  10  balls  and  3  balls? 
How  many  are  10  and  3  ?  Write  thirteen,  thus : 
Three  from  13  leaves  how  many? 


4.  How  many  are  10  birds  and  4  birds?     10  boys 
and  4  boys? 


36  PRIMARY  ARITHMETIC. 

How  many  are  10  and  4  ?  Write  fourteen,  thus : 
Four  from  fourteen  leaves  how  many  ? 


5.  How  many  pens  are  10  pens  and  5  pens? 
How  many  are  10  and  5?    Write  fifteen,  thus: 
Five  from  15  leaves  how  many? 
Write  and  read  10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15. 


6.  How  many  stars  are  10  stars  and  6  stars? 
How  many  are  10  and  6  ?  Write  sixteen,  thus : 
Six  from  16  leaves  how  many? 


7.  How  many  arrows  are  10  arrows  and  7  arrows? 
How  many  are  10  and  7  ?  Write  seventeen,  thus : 
Seven  from  17  leaves  how  many? 


8.  How  many  soldiers  are  10  soldiers  and  8  sol- 
diers? 

How  many  are  10  and  8  ?    Write  eighteen,  thus : 
Eight  from  18  leaves  how  many? 


9.  Ten  knives  and  9  knives  are  how  many  knives  ? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC.  37 

How  many  are  10  and  9  ?   "Write  nineteen,  thus :  /tf. 
Nine  from  19  leaves  how  many? 


10.  Ten  pens  and  10  pens  are  how  many  pens? 
How  many  are  10  and  10  ?  Write  twenty ,  thus : 
Ten  from  20  leaves  how  many? 
Copy  and  read  10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18, 
19,  20. 

Count  from  10  to  20  forward  and  backward. 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  are  10  and  1?     10  and  2?     10  and 
3?     10  and  4?     10  and  5?     10  and  6?     10  and  7? 
10  and  8?     10  and  9?     10  and  10? 

2.  How  many  are  10  and  2?     10  and  5?     10  and 
6?     10  and  4?     10  and  1?     10  and  7?     10  and  8? 
10  and  10? 

3.  Ten  from  12  leaves  how  many?     10  from  13? 
10  from  14?     10  from  16?     10  from  15?     10  from 
17?     10  from  18?     10  from  19? 

4.  How  many  will  be  left  if  you  take  10  from  14? 
10  from  16?     10  from  18?     10  from  20? 

5.  How  many  are  10  and  2?     10  and  5?     10  and 
6?     10  and  7?'   10  and  10? 

6.  How  many  are  10  and  3?     10  and  5?     10  and 
7?     10  and  9?     10  and  8?     10  and  6? 


38                      PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 

In  the  following  table  the  first  twenty  numbers 
are  expressed  by  words,  figures,  and  letters. 

By  Words. 

By  Figures. 

Ry  letters. 

ROMAN.                  SCRIPT. 

One.           &*&« 

ROMAN.   SCRIPT. 

1          / 

KOMAN.           ITALIC. 

I            7 

Two.           5£*. 

o                <9 

II          77 

Three.        52^. 

3         3 

III        777 

Four.          ^jfcut. 

4         ^A 

IV         7F 

Five.           ^ve. 

5     j 

V           F 

Six.             ^k 

6         /" 

VI         F7 

Seven.        £?&&$. 

7        / 

VII        F77 

Eight.         %>*a/it. 

8         <P 

VIII      F777 

Nine.         *$&&. 
Ten.            ^n. 

9        / 
10      /<? 

IX        7,Y 
X          X 

Eleven.       ^*»i.  . 

11       // 

XI         XI 

Twelve.      'S/wt/w. 

12       /j 

XII       XII 

Thirteen.    'S/sutfan. 

13       /J 

XIII     X777 

Fourteen  .    'Srvat&vn  . 

14      X^ 

XIV      XIV 

-r-^.p,              <W'/, 
_c  iiteen.      ^'tffan. 

15       /^            XV        XF 

Si  xteen  .      <jt<v6#n  . 

16       //          XVI      JTFJ 

Seventeen.  <jetx>n&cn. 

17       // 

XVII    JTF77 

Eighteen  .    &<a/i&!<>n  . 
Nineteen,  o//^^^. 

18       /<? 
19       /^ 

XVIII  XVIII 
XIX      AT.Y 

Twenty.      <_s<iv€<nfy. 

20      30 

XX        XX 

PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


39 


UESSOH 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Here  is  a  fine  farm,  with  a  stream  of  water  flowing 
through  it.     How  many  cows  are  grazing  in  the  pasture? 

2.  How  many  cows  are  5  cows  and  2  cows?     7  cows 
and  2  cows?     9  cows  and  2  cows? 

3.  How  many  ducks  are  in  the  water?     How  many 
are  on  the  ground? 

4.  How  many  ducks  are  7  ducks  and  3  ducks?     8 
ducks  and  3  ducks?     9  ducks  and  3  ducks? 

5.  How  many  sheep  are  lying  down?     How  many  are 
standing  near  the  water? 

V^ .4  * 


40 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


6.  How  many  are  6  sheep  and  4  sheep?     8  sheep 
and  4  sheep?     10  sheep  and  4  sheep? 

7.  How  many  are  5  cows  and  5  cows  ?     6  cows  and 
5  cows?     7  cows  and  5  cows? 

How  many  are  5  and  5?     6  and  5?     7  and  5? 

8.  How  many  are  10   cows  less  5  cows?     11   cows 
less  5  cows?     12  cows  less  5  cows? 

9.  How  many  are  8  ducks  and  5  ducks?     9  ducks 
and  5  ducks?     10  ducks  and  5  ducks? 

Eight  and  5  are  how  many?     9  and  5?     10  and  5? 

10.  How  many  are  13  ducks  less  5  ducks?     14  ducks 
less  5  ducks?     15  ducks  less  5  ducks? 

11.  Ten  less  5  is  how  many?     12  less  5?     14  less  5? 

12.  There  are  13  sheep  in  a  flock  :  if  5  of  them  should 
be  sold,  how  many  would  be  left? 


HOIV  many  are 

0  and  5? 

1  and  5? 

2  and  5? 

3  and  5? 

4  and  5  ? 

5  and  5? 

6  and  5  ? 

7  and  5? 

8  and  5? 

9  and  5? 
10  and  5? 


13.  How  many  are  5  and  5?     7 
8  and  5?     10  and  5?     4  and  5?     6 

14.  How  many  are  5  and  6?     5 
5  and  9?     5  and  7?     5  and  10? 

15.  Five  from  10   leaves   how  many?     5   from  12? 
5  from  11?     5  from  13?     5  from  15? 


TaJee 

5  from     5. 

5  from     6. 

5  from     7. 

5  from     8. 

5  from     9. 

5  from  10. 

5  from  11. 

5  from  12. 

5  from  13. 

5  from  14. 

5  from  15. 

and  5?     9 

and  5? 

and  5? 

and  4?     5 

and  8? 

PRIMARY   ARITHMKTIC. 


41 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 
Copy  and  read  11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 18, 16, 14,  and  12. 


(1)     (2)     (3)      (4)      (5)     (6) 

555555 

Add     568794 


(1)  (2) 
From  10  11 
Take  5  5 


(3)       (4) 

13      12 

5        5 


(5) 

14 


(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (6) 
213322 
2  5  2*  2  1  2 
225555 
252122 
225535 


Add  2   1 


To  TEACHERS. — The  object  of  this  and  the  next  six  lessons 
is  to  teach  the  addition  and  subtraction  of  numbers  not  exceed- 
ing twenty.  The  use  of  objects  should  be  continued. 


ORAL  EXERCISES, 

1.  Here  are  two  rows  of  trees.     How  many  trees 
are  4  trees  and  6  trees?     5  trees  and  6  trees? 


2.  How  many  houses  are  4  houses  and  6  houses? 
5  houses  and  6  houses? 

Four  and  6  are  how  many  ?     5  and  6  ? 

3.  There  are  ten  trees  in  a  row :   if  6  of  them 
should  be  cut  down,  how  many  trees  would  remain 
standing  ? 


4.  How  many  clusters  of  oak  leaves  in  each  of 
these  two  groups?  How  many  leaves  in  both  groups? 
6  leaves  and  6  leaves  are  how  many  leaves? 


42 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


5.  How  many  are  6  flags  and  6  flags  ?     7  flags  and 
6  flags  ?     5  flags  and  6  flags  ? 

Six  and  6  are  how  many?     7  and  6?     5  and  6? 
Six  from  12  leaves  how  many?     6  from  13? 


6.  How  many  tops  are  in  these 
tops  be  taken  away,  how  many  will 

7.  Six  tops  from  14  tops  leave 
6  tops  from  15  tops? 

8.  How  many  balls  are  8  balls 
balls  and  6  balls  ?     10  balls  and  6 

Xine  and  6  are  how  many?     10 

9.  John  found  15  peaches  on  one 
6  of  them  :  how  many  peaches  were 

Six  from  15  leaves  how  many  ? 


two  rows?     If  8 

be  left? 

how  many  tops? 

and  6  balls?     9 

balls? 

and  6? 

limb,  and  picked 

left  on  the  limb  ? 

6  from  16? 


10.  How  many  are  6  boys  and  6  boys?     7  boys 
and  6  boys?     8  boys  and  6  boys?     9  boys  and   6 
boys?     10  boys  and  6  boys? 

11.  How  many  are  4  trees  and  6  trees?     6  trees 
and  6  trees?     8  trees  and  6  trees?     5  trees  and  6 
trees?     7  trees  and   6  trees?     9  trees  and  6  trees? 
10  trees  and  6  trees? 

12.  Six   quails   from   10  quails   leave   how   many 
quails?     6  quails   from    12   quails?     6   quails  from 
14  quails?     6  quails  from  16  quails?     6  quails  from 
13  quails?     6  quails  from  11  quails? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


43 


Take 

6  from     6. 
6  from     7. 
6  from     8. 
6  from     9. 
6  from  10. 
6  from  11. 
6  from  12. 
6  from  13. 
6  from  14. 
6  from  15. 
6  from  16. 

4  and  6?     6 
9  and  6?     8 

and  6? 

and  6? 

How  many  are 

0  and  6? 

1  and  6? 

2  and  6? 

3  and  6? 

4  and  6? 

5  and  6? 

6  and  6? 

7  and  6? 

8  and  6? 

9  and  6? 
10  and  6? 


13.  How  many  are  2  and  6? 

5  and  6?     3  and  6?     7  and  6? 
10  and  6?     1  and  6 ? 

14.  Six  and  3  are  how  many?     6  and  2  ?     6  and  4  ? 

6  and  6?     6  and  5  ?    6  and  7 ?     6  and  9?    6  and  8? 
6  and  10?     1  and  10? 

15.  How  many  will  remain  if  you  take  6  from  7? 
6  from  9?     6  from    10?     6  from  14?     6  from  13? 
6  from  15?     6  from  16? 

16.  How  many  will  remain  if  you  take  5  from  13? 
6  from  13?     5  from  9?     6   from   9?     5  from   11? 
6  from  11?     5  from  14?     6  from  14?     5  from  10? 
6  from  10?     5  from  12?     6  from  12? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

Copy  and  read  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28, 
29,  30. 


(1)      (2)     (3)      (4)     (5)     (6) 


(1)      (2)     (3)      (4)     (5)      (6) 


Add     4      8 


6       6 

6       7 


6 


(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
From  10  14  12  13 
Take  6666 


6  1 

5  3 

6 

(5)  6 

15      Add     2 


3      2 
2      6 
1       3 
1 
6 


2 
3 
3 

4      4 
2      3 


2  6 
4  3 

3  2 
2  1 


44 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  are  4  raisins  and  7  raisins?     5  rai- 
sins and  7  raisins?     6  raisins  and  7  raisins? 

Four  and  7  are  how  many?     5  and  7?     6  and  7? 


2.  John  picked  12  pears,  and  gave  7  of  them  to 
his  sister :  how  many  pears  had  he  left  ? 

3.  Seven   pears   from    12  pears   leave   how   many 
pears?     7  pears  from  13  pears?     7  pears  from   10 
pears?     7  pears  from  11  pears? 

Seven  from  12  leaves  how  many?     7  from  13? 


4.  Howr  many  clusters  in  each  of  these  groups?     7 
clusters  and  7  clusters  are  how  many  clusters? 

5.  How  many  hens  are  5  hens  and  7  hens  ?    6  hens 
and  7  hens?    7  hens  and  7  hens?    8  hens  and  7  hens? 

Seven  and  7  are  how  many?     8  and  7? 


6.  A  merchant  sold  9  forks  to  one  man,  and  7  forks 
to  another :  how  many  forks  did  he  sell  ? 

7.  How  many  are  9  spoons  and   7  spoons?     10 
spoons  and  7  spoons?     5  spoons  and  7  spoons? 

Nine  and  7  are  how  many?     10  and  7? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


45 


8.  There  are  16  silver  forks  in  the  basket :  if  Jane 
put  7  of  them  on  the  table,  how  many  forks  will  be 
left  in  the  basket? 

Seven  from  16  leaves  how  many?     7  from  17? 


9.  How  many  are  3  shells  and  7  shells?     4  shells 
and  7  shells?     6  shells  and  7  shells?     5  shells  and 
7  shells?     7  shells  and  7  shells? 

10.  How  many  are  7  nails  and  5  nails?     7  nails 
and  7  nails?     7  nails  and  9  nails?     7  nails  and  6 
nails?     7  nails  and  8  nails?     7  nafls  and  4  nails? 
7  nails  and  3  nails? 

11.  How  many  are  left  when  you  take  7  figs  from 
10  figs?     7  figs  from  12  figs?     7  figs  from  14  figs? 
7  figs  from  16  figs?     7  figs  from  15  figs?     7  figs 
from  13  figs?     7  figs  from  11  figs? 


Hoiv  many  are 

0  and  7? 

1  and  7? 

2  and  7? 

3  and  7? 

4  and  7? 

5  and  7? 

6  and  7? 

7  and  7? 

8  and  7? 

9  and  7? 
10  and  7? 


Trcfce 

7  from  7. 
7  from  8. 
7  from  9. 
7  from  10. 
7  from  11. 
7  from  12. 
7  from  13. 
7  from  14. 
7  from  15. 
7  from  16. 
7  from  17. 


12.  How  many  are  3  and  7?     5  and  7?     7  and  7? 
8  and  7?     6  and  7?     9  and  7?     4  and  7?     7  and  8? 
7  and  9?     7  and  6?     7  and  5?     7  and  4? 

13.  Seven  from  10  leaves  how  many?     7  from  12? 


46 


PRIMARY   ARITHMKTIC. 


7  from  11?     7  from  14?     9  from  13? 
7  from  9?     7  from  16?     7  from  15? 


7  from  15? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

Copy  and  read  20,  22,  25,  21,  23,  24,  26,  27,  29, 
28,  30. 


7 
Add     4 


(1)     (2)     (3)     (4)     (5)     (6) 


7 
6 


7 
7 


(1)     (2)     (3)     (4)     (5)     (6) 


(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (6) 
From  11  13  15  12  16  14 
Take  777777  Add 


7 
4 
1 

7 
2 
6 


2326 
5542 


2733 


3-.3SSSGH 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  If  all  these  balls  were  together,  how  many  balls 
would  there  be  in  the  group? 


2.  How  many  balls  are  6  balls  and  8  balls?     5 
balls  and  8  balls?     4  balls  and  8  balls? 

Six  and  8  are  how  many?     5  and  8?     4  and  8? 

3.  Mr.  Jones  had  14  quails,  and  sold  8  of  them : 
how  many  quails  had  he  left? 

4.  Eight  quails  from  14  quails  leave  how  many 
quails?     8  quails  from  13  quails? 

Eight  from  14  leaves  how  many?     8  from  13? 


5.  How  many  spoons  are  8  spoons  and  8  spoons? 
7  spoons  and  8  spoons?     6  spoons  and  8  spoons? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


47 


6.  Eight  desks  and  8  desks  are  how  many  t  desks? 
7  desks  and  8  desks?     6  desks  and  8  desks? 

How  many  are  8  and  8?     7  and  8?     6  and  8? 

7.  Maria  has  16  pens  for  the  writing  class:  if  she 
give   8   pens  to  the  girls,  how  many  will  be  left  for 
the  boys  ? 

Eight  from  16  leaves  how  many?     8  from  15? 


8.  How  many  keys  are  9  keys  and  8  keys?     10 
keys  and  8  keys? 

9.  How  many  crackers  are  9  crackers  and  8  crack- 
ers?    10  crackers  and  8  crackers? 

Nine  and  8  are  how  many?     10  and  8? 

10.  Eight  keys  from  17  keys  leave  how  many  keys? 
8  keys  from  18  keys? 

Nine  from  17  leaves  how  many?     9  from  18? 


11.  How  many  boys  are  2  boys  and  8  boys?     4 
boys  and  8  boys?     6  boys  and  8  boys?     8  boys  and 
8  boys  ?     10  boys  and  8  boys  ? 

12.  How  many  are  1  step  and  8  steps?     3  steps 
and  8  steps?     5  steps  and  8  steps?     7  steps  and  8 
steps?     9  steps  and  8  steps?     6  steps  and  8  steps? 
8  steps  and  6  steps? 

13.  Eight  boys  from  10  boys   leave  how  many? 
8  boys  from  12  boys?    8  boys  from  11  boys?    8  boys 
from  13  boys?     8  boys  from  15  boys?     8  boys  from 
14  boys?     8  boys  from  16  boys? 


48 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


How  many  are 

0  and  8? 

1  and  8? 

2  and  8? 

3  and  8? 

4  and  8? 

5  and  8? 

6  and  8? 

7  and  8? 

8  and  8? 

9  and  8? 
10  and  8? 


Take 

8  from  8. 
8  from  9. 
8  from  10. 
8  from  11. 
8  from  12. 
8  from  13. 
8  from  14. 
8  from  15. 
8  from  16. 
8  from  17. 
8  from  18. 


14.  How  many  are  3  and  8  ?     5  and  8  ?     2  and  8  ? 

4  and  8?     6  and  8?     8  and  8?     7  and  8?     9  and  8? 

5  and  8?     9  and  8?     7  and  8? 

15.  Eight  and  2  are  how  many?    8  and  4?     8  and 
3?     8  and  5?     8  and  7?     8  and  6?     8  and  8?     8 
and  9?     8  and  7?     7  and  8? 

16.  How  many  will  be  left  if  you  take  8  from  10? 
8  from  12?     8  from  14?     8  from  16?     8  from  13? 
8  from  15?     8  from  11?     8  from  10? 

17.  Six  from  12  leaves  how  many? 
8  from  12?     6  from  14?     7  from  14? 

6  from  16?     7  from  16?     8  from  16? 


7  from  12? 

8  from  14? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES, 


Copy  and  read  30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38, 
39,  40. 


(1)      (2)     (3)     (4)     (5)      (6) 
888888 

5 


(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (6) 
From  13  15  14  16  17  12 
Take  888888 


(1)     (2)     (3)      (4)     (5)     (6) 


Add    8 


6 
5 
2 
6 
3 
4 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  49 


USSSON 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  clusters  are  3  clusters  and  9  clus- 
ters? 4  clusters  and  9  clusters?  5  clusters  and  9 
clusters  ?  6  clusters  and  9  clusters  ? 


How  many  are  4  and  9?     5  and  9?     6  and  9? 

2.  Nine  pears  from  15  pears  leave  how  many  pears? 
9  pears  from  14  pears?     9  pears  from  13  pears? 

Nine  from  15  leaves  how  mcny?     9  from  14?     9 
from  13?     9  from  12?     9  from  11? 

3.  How  many  arrows   in  each  of  those  groups  ? 
How  many  in  both  groups  ? 


4.  If  there  were  7  arrows  in  the  first  group,  how 
many  would  there  be  in  both  groups  ? 

5.  How  many  are  8  bows  and  9  bows?     7  bows 
and  9  bows  ?     7  deer  and  9  deer  ? 

Seven  and  9  are  how  many?     8  and  9: 

6.  If  you  had  17  arrows,  and  should  give  away  9 
of  them,  how  many  arrows  would  you  have  left  ? 

Nine  from  17  leaves  how  many?     9  from  16? 


7.  William  has  9  books,  and  Albert  has  9:   how 
many  books  have  they  both? 
P.  A.  4. 


50 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


8.  If  William  had  10  books,  and  Albert  9,    how 
many  would  they  then  have? 

Nine  and  9  are  how  many?     10  and  9? 

9.  Nine  books  from  J8  books  leave  how  many? 
9  books  from  19  books? 

Nine  from  18  leaves  how  many?     9  from  19? 


10.  How  many  are  2  keys  and  9  keys?     4  keys 
and  9  keys  ?     6  keys  and  9  keys  ?     7  keys  and  9 
keys?     8  keys  and  9  keys?     10  keys  and  9  keys? 

11.  How  many  are  3  girls  and  9  girls?     5  girls 
and  9  girls?     7  girls  and  9  girls?     9  girls  and  9 
girls?     8  girls  and  9  girls? 

1 2.  How  many  arc  left  when  you  take  9  keys  from 
12  keys?     9  keys  from  13  keys?     9  keys  from  15 
keys?     9' keys  from  17  keys?     9  keys  from  19  keys? 
9  keys  from  16  keys? 


TLtnv  many  are 

0  and  9? 

1  and  9? 

2  and  9? 

3  and  9? 

4  and  9? 

5  and  9? 

6  and  9? 

7  and  9? 

8  and  9? 

9  and  9? 
10  and  9? 


-  TaJte 

9  from  9. 
9  from  10. 
9  from  11. 
9  from  12. 
9  from  13. 
9  from  14. 
9  from  15. 
9  from  16. 
9  from  17. 
9  from  18. 
9  from  19. 


13.  How  many  are  3  and  9?  6  and  9?  9  and  9? 
2  and  9?  5  and  9?  7  and  9?  1  and  9?  4  and  9? 
10  and  9?  8  and  9?  9  and  8? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  51 

14.  How  many  are  9  and  2?    9  and  5?     9  and  8? 
9  and  9?     9  and  1  ?     9  and  6?     9  and  4?     9  and  3? 
9  and  7?     7  and  9?     6  and  9? 

15.  How  many  are  left  when  you  take  9  from  12? 
9  from  14?     9  from  16?     9  from  18?     9  from  15? 
9  from  13?     9  from  11?     9  from  10? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

Copy  and  read  30,  32,  34,  31,  33,  36,  35,  37,  39, 

38,  40. 

(1)      (2)      (3)      (4)      (5)      (6)  (1)      (2)      (3)      (4)     (5)     (6) 

999999  735431 

Add     567849  464269 

695484 

(1)     (2)     (3)    (4)      (5)     (6)  229663 

From  14    15    16    17     13     18  934539 

Take    999999  Add     962334 


3UESSON 

EEVIEW. 

To  TEACHERS. — The  pupil  should  not  be  required  to  give  a 
formal  logical  analysis  of  these  problems.  All  that  is  necessary 
is  a  correct  statement  of  the  answer  and  the  operation.  Take, 
for  example,  the  second  problem  below.  The  solution  may  be 
given  thus: 

Mary  found  12  eggs :  4  eggs  and  8  eggs  are  12  eggs.  Or,  4  eggs 
and  8  eggs  are  12  eggs :  Mary  found  12  eggs. 

1.  John  has  6  plums  in  one  hand,  and  5  plums  in 
the  other :  how  many  plums  has  he  in  both  hands  ? 

2.  Mary  found  4  eggs  in  one  nest,  and  8  eggs  in 
another :  how  many  eggs  did  she  find  ? 


52 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


3.  Alice  gave  4  nice  cherries  to  her  brother  Ed- 
ward, and  7  cherries  to  her  cousin  William  :  how 
many  cherries  did  she  give  to  both  ? 

4.  There    are    8    quails    on    the 
fence,  and  9  on  the  ground  :   how 

ggg*l*     many  quails  in  the  flock? 

5.  There  are  6  windows  in  the 
ends  of  a  house,  and  9  windows  in 

the  sides:  how  many  windows  in  the  house? 

6.  How  many  are  2  and  5?     4  and  5?     7  and  5? 
5  and  6?     5  and  8?     5  and  7? 

7.  How  many  are  3  and  6?     3  and  8?     3  and  9? 
4  and  3?     7  and  3?     9  and  3?     10  and  3? 

8.  How  many  are  5  and  4?     6  and  4?     8  and  4? 
9  and  4?     4  and  7?    4  and  5?     4  and  10? 

9.  How  many  are  4  and  7?     4  and  7  and  6?     5 
and  7?     5  and  7  and  9?     6  and  8? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

6 

6 

6 

6 

5 

5 

5 

5 

Add    5 

7 

8 

9 

8 

7 

6 

9 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

5 

4 

6 

8 

4 

9 

7 

6 

Add    6 

6 

7 

6 

6 

5 

5 

5 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(o) 

(C) 

(7) 

(8) 

5 

8 

9 

8 

7 

6 

6 

4 

Add    6 

7 

5 

9 

6 

_9 

_?• 

_9 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(S) 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

Acid    9 

8 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


53 


BEVIEW. 

1.  Mary  found  12  eggs,  and  broke  5  of  them  in 
climbing  the  fence:  how  many  eggs  had  she  left? 

2.  Charles  has  15  cents:  if  he  give  8    cents  for  a 
lead  pencil,  how  many  cents  will  he  then  have? 

3.  Albert  saw  13  blackbirds  on  a  small  tree,  but 
6  of  them  soon  flew  down  to  the  ground :  how  many 
were  then  on  the  tree? 

4.  Susan  wrote  17  words  on  her  slate,  and  then 
erased  8  of  them :  how  many  words  were  left  ? 

5.  Frank  caught  14  trout, 
and    sold   9   of  them:    how 
many  trout  had  he  left? 

6.  Four  from  10  leaves  how 
many?     4  from  12?     4  from 
14?    4  from  13?    4  from  11? 

7.  Five  from  10  leaves  how  many?     5  from  12? 
5  from  14?     5  from  9?     5  from  15?     5  from  13? 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

From  9 

10 

12 

14 

11 

15 

13 

16 

Take  6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

J5 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

From  10 

12 

14 

16 

13 

15 

17 

11 

Take   7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

_7 

(1)  ' 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(C) 

(7) 

(8) 

From  10 

12 

14 

13 

16 

18 

17 

15 

Take  8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

54  PRIMARY   ARITHMBTIC. 


To  TEACHERS. — Copy  this  diagram  on  the  blackboard,  using, 
in  place  of  the  star,  a  letter,  a  circle,  a  triangle,  a  square,  or 
some  other  simple  figure,  and  drill  the  class  in  rapid  counting 
to  one  hundred,  first  by  ones ;  then  by  tens,  as  10,  20,  30,  etc. ; 
and  then  by  fives,  as  5,  10,  15,  20,  etc. 


-)'-  -::-  -;;-  -,<•  -::-  -;;-  -x-  -x-  •><•  -x-  10 

.».  -;<.  .».  .».  .».  .».  .».  .jj.  -jj.  -;;-  20 

.».  .».  .«.  .».  .».  .».  .».  .».  .».  .».  30 

.».  -;;.  -v-  .;;.  .;;.  ,;;.  .;;.  -v.  .».  .».  40 

.».  .».  .».  .».  -;;-  .».  -;;-  .».  .».  .».  50 

jk/_  _x/_  J^/_  _x/_  _\/_  j>/»_  J/_  _\/_  *i^  Jk/_  ^A 

>•-  .;;.  .».  .».  .».  .».  .».  .».  .jj.  .».  70 

-  -::-  so 


t\     t\     t\     t\     /\     'I""     /\     *\     #\     *\ 
^1^     \f     \t     \t     \t     \f     *t     \t     \t     \t 


100 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

1.  Copy  and  read  the  following  numbers: 

20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90 

21  31  41  51  61  71  81  91 

22  32  42  52  62  72  82  92 

23  33  43  53  63  73  83  93 

24  34  44  54  64  74  84  94 

25  35  45  55  65  75  85  95 

26  36  46  56  66  76  86  96 

27  37  47  57  67  77  87  97 

28  38  48  58  68  78  88  98 

29  39  49  59  69  79  89  99 

2.  Copy  and  read  21,  26,  33,  36,  38,  40,  44,  45, 48. 

3.  Copy  and  read  27,  36,  26,  37,  46,  48,  43,  55,  59. 

4.  Copy  and  read  61,  63,  66,  64,  75,  73,  77,  78,  80. 


PRIMARY   ARITHMKTIG.  55 

5.  Copy  and  read  84,  83,  85,  87,  90,  94,  96,  97, 100. 

6.  Copy  and  read  18,  27,  36,  48,  54,  67,  75,  86,  94. 

7.  Begin  with  5  and  count  to  100  by  fives. 

8.  Begin  with  10  and  count  to  100  by  tens. 


ADDITION. 


3UBSSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

To  TEACHERS. — The  object  of  this  and  the  next  eleven  les- 
sons is  to  teach  the  addition  of  any  number  less  than  10  to  any 
number  less  than  100.  The  exercises  are  so  arranged  as  to  lead 
the  pupil  to  add  first  the  units.  In  finding  the  sum  of  19  and  2, 
29  and  2,  or  39  and  2,  for  example,  the  9  and  2  are  first  added. 
This  gives  the  unit  figure,  and  by  adding  1  to  the  left  hand  figure 
the  sum  is  obtained. 

The  WRITTEN  EXERCISES  should  be  used  both  as  slate  and 
blackboard  exercises.  The  columns  of  figures  should  be  added 
both  up  and  down. 

1.  Charles  has  9  cents  in  one  hand,  and  2  cents  in 
the  other :  how  many  cents  has  he  in  both  hands  ? 

2.  Mary  has  written  8  words :  if  she  write  2  words 
more,  how  many  words  will  she  have  written? 

3.  A   farmer   has   put   10 
sacks  of  flour  in  his  wagon : 
if  he  put  in    2  sacks  more, 
how  many   sacks  will  there 
be  in  the  wagon? 

4.  How  many  are  5  boys 
and    2  boys?     15  boys   and 

2  boys  ?     35  boys  and  2  boys  ?     25  boys  and  2  boys  ? 
45  boys  and  2  boys? 


56  PRIMARY    ARITHMKTIG. 

5.  How  many  trees  are  7  trees  and  2  trees?     17 
trees  and  2  trees?     27  trees  and  2  trees?     37  trees 
and  2  trees?     47  trees  and  2  trees? 

6.  How  many  are  8  and  2?  18  and  2?  28  and 
2?  38  and  2?  58  and  2?  48  and  2? 

7.  How  many  are  9  and  2?  19  and  2?  39  and 
2?  29  and  2?  49  and  2?  59  and  2? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)   (2)   (3)   (4)   (5)        (1)    (2)   (3)   (4)   (5) 

22122       12222 

Add  89976       12221 

12211 

(1)   (2)   (3)    (4)   (5)         12222 

22212       12222 

Add  15      17      16      19      18  12222 

12211 

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  12221 

22222  12221 

Add  18  29  27  38  26  12212 

12212 

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  12222 

22122  12211 

Add   19      28      39      37      48  Add  1         2        1         2        2 


&.BSSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISES.' 

1.  Charles  has  8  marbhs  in  one  hand,  and  3  marbles 
in  the  other:  how  many  marbles  has  he  in  both? 

2.  Frank  has  18  cherries :  if  his  mother  give  him 
3,  how  many  cherries  will  he  then  have? 

3.  Mary  has  picked  17  plums:  if  she  pick  3  more, 
how  many  plums  will  she  then  have? 


TH3 

PRIMARY    ARITHMKTIC,  Tt  ^  T  y3J|  ^ 

4.  There  are  9  birds  on  one 
tree,  and  3  birds  on  Another: 
how  many  birds  on  both  trees? 

5.  Harry  had  19  cents,  and 
his  father  gave  him  3  cents : 
how  many  had  he  then  ? 

6.  How  many  are  12  eggs  and  3  eggs?     14  eggs 
and  3  eggs?     18  eggs  and  3  eggs?     15  eggs  and  3 
eggs?     19  eggs  and  3  eggs?     17  eggs  and  3  eggs? 

7.  How  many  are  5  and  3?     15  and  3?     35  and 
3?     55  and  3?     25  and  3?     45  and  3 ? 

8.  How  many  are  7  and  3?     17  and  3?     37  and  3? 
57  and  3?     27  and  3?     47  and  3?     67  and  3? 

9.  How  many  are  8  and  3?     28  and  3?     18  and  3? 
38  and  3?     48  and  3?     68  and  3? 

10.  How  many  are  9  and  3?     29  and  3?     19  and 
3?     49  and  3?     39  and  3?    59  and  3? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(1) 

3 

Add  18 


(2) 
3 

27 


(3) 

3 

29 


(4) 

3 

28 


(1)      (2)      (3)     (4)     (5)     (6) 
333333 


(1)          (2)          (3)          (4) 

O  O  O  O 

Add  17        36        29        38 


(1)          (2)          (3) 

O  O  Q 

Add  19        25        37 


(1) 

3 

Add   16 


(2) 

2 

49 


(3) 

1 

39 


(4) 

3 

47 

(4) 

2 

28 


3 

3 

1 

3 

3 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

2 

3 

3 

1 

3 

3 

a 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

3 

3 

1 

3 

2 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

3 

3 

3 

1 

3 

3 

2 

3 

3 

1 

3 

3 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

3 

3 

3 

1 

3 

3 

2 

Add  3 

1 

3 

2 

2 

3 

58  PRIMARY    ARITHMKTIC. 


3UESSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  There  are  8  horses  in  one  field,  and  4  horses  in 
another:  how  many  horses  in  both  fields? 

2.  Thomas  received  15  cents  for  picking  ten  quarts 
of  cherries,  and  4  cents  for  selling  them  :   how  many 
cents  did  he  receive  in  all? 

3.  There  are  18  cows  in  one  field, 
and  4  cows  in  another:  how  many 

5u     cows  in  both  fields? 

4.  There  are  19  boys  and  4  girls  in 
a  class  :  how  many  pupils  in  all? 

5.  How  many  are  6  pears  and  4  pears?     16  pears 
and  4  pears?     36  pears  and  4  pears?     26  pears  and 
4  pears?     46  pears  and  4  pears? 

6.  How  many  are  5  and  4?     15  and  4?     35  and  4? 
45  and  4?     25  and  4?     55  and  4? 

7.  How  many  are  7  and  4?     17  and  4?     37  and  4  ? 
57  and  4?    47  and  4?    27  and  4?    67  and  4? 

8.  How  many  are  9  and  4  ?     19  and  4  ?     29  and  4  ? 
49  and  4?     69  and  4?     59  and  4?     39  and  4? 

9.  How  many  are  8  and  4?     18  and  4  ?     48  and  4? 
38  and  4?     28  and  4?     58  and  4? 

10.  How  many  are  9  and  2?     19  and  2?     39  and 
2?     29  and  2?     59  and  2?     49  and  2?     69  and  2? 

11.  How  many  are  8  and  3?     18  and  3?     38  and 
3?    48  and  3?     28  and  3?     58  and  3?    47  and  3? 
67  and  3?     57  and  3?    37  and  3?     27  and  3? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC.  59 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)          (2)          (3)          (4)  (1)      (2)     (3)      (4)     (5)      (6) 

4444  441444 

Add  16        24        28        36  441422 

441422 

(l)    (2)    (3)    (4)        444422 

4444        444444 

Add  27        35        39        37  444442 

441421 

(1)    (2)    (3)    (4)        444424 

4444        441422 

Add  17        38        26        47  444442 

441441 

(1)    (2)    (3)    (4)        441421 

3    2    3    3        444422 

Add  19        28        38        47         Add     414221 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  A  garden  contains   8  peach  trees,  and  5  pear 
trees :  how  many  trees  of  both  kinds  in  the  garden  ? 

2.  Harry  sold  three  oranges  for  18  cents,  and  two 
lemons  for  5  cents :  how  many  cents  did  he  receive  ? 

3.  A  drover  bought  19  hogs  of 
one  farmer,  and  5  hogs  of  another : 
how  many  hogs  did  he  buy? 

4.  A  man  paid  17  dollars  for  a 
cow,  and    5   dollars   for  her  calf: 

how  much  did  he  pay  for  both? 

5.  How  many  are  8  stars  and  5  stars?     18  stars 
and  5  stars?     16  stars  and  5  stars?     19  stars  and 
5  stars?     17  stars  and  5  stars? 

6.  How  many  are  6  and  5  ?  16  and  5?  36  and  5? 
56  and  5?  26  and  5?  46  and  5? 


60  PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 

7.  How  many  are  7  and  5  ?     17  and  5  ?     37  and  5  ? 
27  and  5  ?     47  and  5  ?     57  and  5  ? 

8.  How  many  are  8  and  5  ?     18  and  5  ?     38  and  5  ? 
48  and  5  ?     28  and  5  ?     58  and  5  ? 

9.  How  many  are  9  and  5  ?     19  and  5  ?     49  and  5  ? 
29  and  5?     59  and  5  ?     39  and  5? 

10.  How  many  are  5  and  5?     15  and  5?     35  and 
5?     55  and  5?     25  and  5?     45  and  5? 


WRITTEN 

EXERCISES. 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

1 

5 

5 

5 

Add 

26 

27 

•25 

28 

5 

5 

5 

5 

2 

5 

— 

~~~ 

~~~ 

5 

5 

5 

5 

2 

5 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

15 

15 

15 

15 

5 

5 

1 

5 

5 

5 

Add 

16 

26 

20 

28 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

2 

5 

5 

1 

5 

2 

2 

(l) 

(-) 

(3) 

(4) 

5 

5 

1 

5 

5 

2 

25 

25 

25 

25 

5 

5 

5 

5 

2 

1 

Add 

37 

45 

39 

43 

5 

5 

5 

5 

2 

2 

— 

— 

— 

5 

5 

1 

5 

5 

2 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

5 

5 

1 

5 

2 

2 

14 

37 

23 

23 

Add     5 

1 

5 

2 

2 

1 

Add 

26 

14 

28 

39 

1 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  are  5  and  6  ?     5  and  16  ?     5  and  36  ? 
5  and  26?     5  and  46? 

2.  How  many  are  4  and  6  ?     4  and  16  ?     4  and  36  ? 
4  and  46  ?     4  and  26?     4  and  56? 

3.  How  many  are  2  and  2  and  3  and  1  and  4  and 
3  and  5? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  61 

4.  How  many  are  5  and  4  and  3  and  2  and  1  and 
2  and  3  and  4  and  5? 

5.  Begin  with  2  and  count  to  50  by  adding  2  suc- 
cessively, thus:  2,  4,  6,  8,  10,  12,  etc. 

6.  Begin  with  1  and  count  to  51  by  adding  2  suc- 
cessively. 

7.  Begin  with  3  and  count  to  42  by  adding  3  suc- 
cessively, thus:  3,  6,  9,  12,  15,  18,  etc. 

8.  Begin  with  2  and  count  to  41  by  adding  3  suc- 
cessively. 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)    (2)    (3)        (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (G)   (7)   (8) 

5    4    3       55544454 

Add  16    27    28       53243255 

55144355 

(l)    (2)    (3)       53243454 

25    15    35       55544254 

Add  26        25        27  53343354 

55544255 

(1)    (2)    (3)       53543155 

35    25    45       55344254 

Add   18         19         20  53243354 

55144455 

(1)    (2)    (3)       53243354 

14    13    25       55344255 

Add  26        37        35     Add     33533144 


-  —  V-  — >-'>^--»  -« — - 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Frank  has   7  sour  apples,  and   6  sweet  ones: 
how  many  apples  has  he?    , 

2.  Jane's  father  gave  her  8  cents,  and  her  mother 
gave  her  6  cents :  how  many  cents  did  she  receive  ? 


62 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


3.  Jane  read  9  verses,  and 
Mary  6  verses  more  than  Jane : 
how  many  did  Mary  read? 

4.  In    a    certain    orchard 
there  are  19  apple  trees,  and 
6  peach  trees :  how  many  trees 
in  the  orchard  ? 

5.  How  many  are  5  raisins  and  6  raisins?     15  rai- 
sins and  6  raisins?     14  raisins  and  6  raisins?     17 
raisins  and  6  raisins?     19  raisins  and  6  raisins? 

6.  How  many  are  5  and  6  ?  15  and  6  ?  35  and  6  ? 
55  and  6  ?  45  and  6  ?  25  and  6  ?  65  and  6  ? 

7.  How  many  are  7  and  6  ?  17  and  6  ?  37  and  6  ? 

57  and  6?  47  and  6?  27  and  6? 

8.  How  many  are  9  and  6  ?  1 9  and  6  ?  39  and  6  ? 
59  and  6?  29  and  6? 

9.  How  many  are  8  and  6  ?  18  and  6  ?  48  and  6  ? 

58  and  6?  68  and  6?  38  and  6?  28  and  6? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(l) 


(2)          (3) 


6 

6 

6 

Add 

7 

9 

8 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

6 

16 

26 

Add 

16 

38 

25 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

16 

36 

26 

Add 

15 

24 

48 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

24 

35 

47 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

6 

6 

6 

3 

3 

6 

4 

6 

6 

6 

6 

3 

2 

4 

6 

5 

6 

6 

2 

6 

3 

6 

4 

6 

6 

6 

1 

3 

6 

4 

6 

5 

6 

6 

6 

6 

2 

4 

1 

6 

6 

6 

1 

3 

6 

6 

2 

5 

6 

6 

6 

6 

3 

4 

3 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

4 

4 

5 

6 

6 

6 

6 

2 

6 

6 

5 

6 

6 

6 

6 

3 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

1 

6 

4 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

2 

6 

3 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

3 

6 

2 

6 

Add  65        46        26     Add     6123641 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  63 


*JSSSOItt 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Five  and  6  are  how  many?     6   and  15?     35 
and  6?     6  and  45?     6  and  25? 

2.  Nine  and  6  are  how  many?     6  and  19?     6  and 
39?     14  and  8?     8  and  24? 

3.  How  many  are  7  and  4?     17  and  4?     18  and  5? 
28  and  5?     36  and  6?     6  and  36? 

4.  How  many  are  8  and  4?     18  and  6  ?     35  and  7  ? 
42  and  4?     41  and  5?     23  and  9? 

5.  How  many  are  3  and  4  and  5  and  6  and  2  and  3? 

6.  How  many  are  4  and  3  and  6  and  5  and  2  and 
5  and  6  and  2? 

7.  Begin  with  1  and  count  to  49  by  adding  4  suc- 
cessively. 

8.  Begin  with  2  and  count  to  52  by  adding  5  suc- 
cessively. 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (6)  (7) 

16  15  27  46  2254453 

Add  46  37  45  17  3113464 

2224415 

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  3334426 
24  23  44  35  1445534 

Add  18  27  48  27  2455543 

2454552 

U)  (2)  (3)  (4)  3453561 
36  46  26  44  2452516 

Add  14  35  25  47  3341625 

2342633 

(l)  (2)  (3)  (4)  3343644 
36  26  45  55  2344656 

Add  43         62         37         36     Add  1345665 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


USSSCHS 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

I.  John  has  8  marbles,  and  Charles  7:  if  Charles 
should  give  all  of  his  marbles  to  John,  how  many 
marbles  would  John  then  have? 

2.  There  are  6  chickens  in 
one  brood,  and  7  chickens  in 
another :  how  many  chickens 
are  there  in  both  broods? 

3.  There  are  9  forks  in  the 
basket,  and  7  on  the  table: 
how  many  in  both  places? 

4.  A  boy  gave  18  cents  for  a  slate,  and  7  cents  for 
a  pencil :  how  many  did  he  give  for  both? 

5.  How  many  are  8  pins  and  7  pins?     18  pins 
and  7  pins?     16  pins  and  7  pins?     14  pins  and  7 
pins?     17  pins  and  7  pins?     19  pins  and  7  pins? 

6.  How  many  are  4  and  7  ?    14  and  7  ?     34  and  7  ? 
54  and  7  ?     44  and  7  ?     24  and  7  ? 

7.  How  many  are  6  and  7  ?     16  and  7  ?     46  and  7  ? 
36  and  7  ?     56  and  7  ?     26  and  7  ? 

8.  How  many  are  8  and  7  ?     18  and  7  ?     38  and  7  ? 
28  and  7?     48  and  7?     58  and  7?     78  and  7? 

9.  How  many  are  7  and  7  ?     17  and  7  ?     37  and  7  ? 
27  and  7?     47  and  7?     57  and  7? 

10.  How  many  are  6  and  7?     16  and  7?     7  and 
16  ?     36  and  7  ?     7  and  36  ?     7  and  25  ? 

II.  How  many  are  28  and  3?     28  and  5?     28  and 
8?     28  and  4?     28  and  6?     28  and  8? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  65 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)          (2)          (3)          (4)  (1)      (2)      (3)      (4)      (5)     (6) 

7        17        27        37  772734 

Add   14        26        38        46  727377 

771734 

(l)    (2)    (3)    (4)  722777 

17        27        37        47  777734 

Add   17        23        45        39  771774 

772337 

(i)    (2)   (3)    (4)  772774 

33   -24    25    13  777734 

21        32        44        55  772777 

Add   17        27        37        27  Add     722334 


UBSSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  are  6  and  7?     7  and  15?     7  and  35? 

6  and  35?     5  and  35?     8  and  35? 

2.  How  many  are  7  and  16?     6  and  16?     5  and 
16?     7  and  33?     6  and  33?     5  and  38? 

3.  How  many  are  13  and  7?     7  and  13?     33  and 

7  ?     7  and  43  ?     53  and  7  ?     63  and  7  ? 

4.  How  many  are  4  and  5  and  6  and  7  and  3  and 
4  and  2  and  7? 

5.  How  many  are  1  and  3  and  5  and  7  and  6  and 
4  and  6  and  3  and  5  and  6? 

6.  Begin  with  2  and  count  to  52  by  adding  5  suc- 
cessively. 

7.  Begin  with  3  and  count  to  51  by  adding  6  suc- 
cessively. 

8.  Begin  with  0  and  count  to  49  by  adding  7  suc- 
cessively. 

P.  A.  5. 


66 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


9.  Begin  with  3  and  count  to  51  by  adding  4  suc- 
cessively. 


(i) 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(2)         (3) 


(4) 


23 

54 

46 

35 

Add  46 

29 

17 

28 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

36 

44 

66 

25 

Add  25 

55 

14 

37 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

36 

45 

23 

14 

41 

33 

43 

54 

(1)      (2)      (3)      (4)      (5)      (6) 


7 

3 

4 

7 

4 

3 

5 

4 

7 

6 

7 

4 

7 

5 

4 

7 

5 

5 

5 

7 

5 

6 

6 

6 

5 

5 

7 

•  7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

4 

6 

2 

6 

7 

5 

3 

7 

3 

5 

7 

7 

7 

7 

4 

4 

-   7 

5 

3 

7 

5 

3 

7 

7 

4 

7 

6 

2 

Add  12        16        18        27         Add     555671 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  William  walked  12  miles  before  dinner,  and  8 
miles  after  dinner:  how  many  miles  did  he  walk? 

2.  A  school-house  has  9  windows  in  the  sides,  and 
8  windows  in  the  ends:  how  many  windows  has  it? 

3.  Mary  wrote  7  lines  in  her  copy-book,  and  8  lines 
on  a  piece  of  paper :  how  many  lines  did  she  wrrite  ? 

4.  Albert  gave  15  cents  for 
a  top,  and  8  cents  for  a  pen- 
cil:  how  many  cents  did  he 
pay  for  both? 

5.  How  many  are  8  boys 
and  8  boys?     18  boys  and  8 
boys?     16  boys  and  8  boys? 

14  boys  and  8  boys?     15  boys  and  8  boys? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  67 

6.  How  many  are  4  and  8  ?     14  and  8  ?     34  and  8  ? 
24  and  8?     44  and  8?     64  and  8? 

7.  How  many  are  6  and  8  ?     16  and  8  ?     36  and  8  ? 

56  and  8?    46  and  8?     26  and  8? 

8.  How  many  are  5  and  8  ?     15  and  8  ?     45  and  8  ? 
65  and  8  ?     55  and  8  ?     35  and  8  ? 

9.  How  many  are  7  and  8  ?     17  and  8  ?     37  and  8  ? 

57  and  8?     47  and  8?     27  and  8? 

10.  How  many  are  9  and  8?     19  and  8?     8  and 
19  ?     8  and  29  ?     49  and  8  ?     8  and  49  ? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(i) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

28 

38 

18 

48 

8 

2 

2 

8 

8 

4 

Add 

14 

26 

38 

42 

8 

8 

8 

3 

3 

5 

— 

— 

— 

8 

2 

2 

2 

4 

6 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

8 

8 

8 

1 

2 

7 

18 

28 

58 

38 

8 

2 

2 

8 

8 

8 

Add 

25 

17 

23 

19 

8 

8 

1 

2 

3 

7 

8 

8 

2 

3 

4 

6 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

5 

44 

43 

35 

18 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

4 

25 

34 

27 

46 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

3 

Add 

18 

18 

28 

28 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

2 

Add    812341 


JUESSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

-  1.  How  many  are  3  and  5  and  7  and  4  and  6  and 
8  and  2  and  8? 

2.  How  many  are  8  and  7  and  5  and  3  and  2  and 
4  and  6  and  7? 


68  PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 

3.  How  many  are  9  and  5  ?     48  and  4  ?     53  and  7  ? 
45  and  8  ?     27  and  8  ?     44  and  6  ? 

4.  How  many  are  15  and  6?     44  and  7?     36  and 
8?     26  and  5?     18  and  3?     47  and  6? 

5.  How  many  are  16  and  5?     26  and  5?     46  and 
5?     17  and  8?'  37  and  8?     57  and  8? 

6.  How  many  are  15  and  7?     25  and  7?     55  and 
7?     14  and  6?*   34  and  6?    44  and  6?     18  and  3? 
28  and  3?     48  and  3? 

7.  A  boy  bought  a  slate  for  25  cents,  a  piece  of 
rubber  for  8  cents,  and  a  lead  pencil  for  5  cents :  how 
many  cents  did  he  pay  for  all? 

8.  Begin  with  3  and  count  to  51  by  adding  6  suc- 
cessively. 

9.  Begin  with  5  and  count  to  54  by  adding  7  suc- 
cessively. 

10.  Begin  with  0  and  count  to  48  by  adding  8  suc- 
cessively. 

11.  Begin  with  4  and  count  to  52  by  adding  8  suc- 
cessively. 


WRITTEN 

EXERCISES. 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

35 

44 

27 

36 

8 

3 

6 

6 

2 

8 

Add 

44 

46 

38 

47 

5 

8 

8 

1 

3 

6 

— 

— 

•  — 

— 

8 

4 

6 

8 

4 

4 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

5 

8 

8 

2 

5 

1 

41 

34 

50 

44 

8 

1 

6 

8 

8. 

2 

Add 

13 

26 

27 

29 

8 

8 

8 

3 

6 

3 

— 

— 

— 

— 

8 

2 

6 

8 

7 

4 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

8 

8 

8 

4 

8 

5 

17 

25 

33 

17 

8 

3 

6 

8 

8 

6 

53 

29 

36 

18 

8 

4 

8 

5 

8 

7 

Add 

26 

43 

28 

45 

Add  5 

5 

6 

6 

7 

8 

PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


69 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  There  are  7  cows  in  one  pasture,  and  9  cows  in 
another  :  how  many  cows  in  both  pastures  ? 

2.  John  saw  9  pigeons  on  a  tree,  and  6  pigeons  on 
the  ground  :  how  many  pigeons  did  he  see  ? 

3.  Wallace  caught  8  fishes,  and  Willis  caught  9: 
how  many  fishes  did  both  catch? 

4.  A  farmer  gave  6  dollars  for  a 
yoke,   and    9    dollars  for   a  chain  : 
how  many  dollars  did  he  give  for 
both? 

5.  How  many  are  5  plums  and 
15  plums  and  9  plums?     17  plums  and 

13  plums  and  9  plums?     16  plums  and 

14  plums  and  9  plums? 

6.  How  many  are  3  and  9  ?     13  and  9  ?     43  and  9  ? 
53  and  9  ?     23  and  9  ?     33  and  9  ? 

7.  How  many  are  5  and  9  ?     15  and  9  ?     45  and  9  ? 
25  and  9  ?     35  and  9  ? 

8.  How  many  are  7  and  9  ?     17  and  9  ?     37  and  9  ? 
57  and  9?     27  and  9?     47  and  9? 

9.  How  many  are  9  and  9  ?     29  and  9  ?     19  and  9  ? 
49  and  9?     59  and  9? 

10.  How  many  are  8  and  9?     9  and  18?     35  and 
9?     9  and  35?     24  and  9?     9  and  24? 

11.  How  many  are  6  and  9?     26  and  9?     9  and 
26?     46  and  9?     9  and  46?     37  and  9?     9  and  37? 
43  and  9?     9  and  43? 


9  plums? 
9  plums? 
9  plums? 


70  PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 

Addition  is  the  process  of  finding  the  sum  of  two 
or  more  numbers. 

The  number  obtained  by  adding  two  or  more  num- 
bers is  called  the  Sum  or  Amount. 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

19 

29 

39 

49 

9 

2 

3 

9 

3 

4 

Add 

44 

36 

28 

12 

9 

2 

2 

3 

9 

9 

~~~ 

9 

9 

3 

9 

4 

5 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

9 

2 

9 

4 

5 

9 

14 

5 

13 

14 

9 

9 

3 

9 

9 

6 

15 

14 

22 

15 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

24 

13 

19 

16 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

23 

25 

16 

18 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

Add 

19 

39 

29 

29 

Add     9 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES  IN  ADDITION. 
Copy  and  add  the  following  examples : 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(S) 

(9) 

(10) 

2 

3 

3 

2 

3 

7 

8 

6 

3 

8 

3 

2 

4 

3 

6 

5 

3 

3 

0 

6 

1 

3 

2 

5 

5 

4 

8 

9 

4 

4 

2 

2 

3 

4 

3 

6 

4 

3 

9 

2 

3 

3 

2 

5 

4 

3 

5 

4 

8 

1 

2 

1 

4 

3 

2 

7 

8 

9 

2 

3 

3 

2 

3 

2 

1 

6 

7 

8 

1 

5 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

5 

3 

7 

3 

7 

3 

2 

3 

1 

5 

4 

6 

2 

9 

9 

1 

1 

1 

5 

3 

3 

2 

3 

4 

2 

(11) 

(12) 

(13) 

(14) 

(15) 

(16) 

(17) 

(18) 

22 

13 

24 

25 

28 

16 

25 

17 

32 

34 

25 

27 

15 

29 

26 

38 

24 

22 

16 

18 

24 

28 

19 

15 

21 

27 

34  * 

29 

27 

27 

27 

26 

PRIMARY   ARITHMKTIG.  71 

Copy  and  read  the  following  numbers : 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

100 

110 

120 

100 

122 

135 

101 

111 

121 

110 

133 

134 

102 

112 

122 

120 

144 

136 

103 

113 

123 

130 

155 

164 

104 

114 

124 

140 

166 

167 

105 

115 

125 

150 

177 

177 

106 

116 

126 

160 

188 

186 

107 

117 

127 

170 

199 

185 

108 

118 

128 

180 

200 

144 

109 

119 

129 

190 

125 

163 

Copy  and  add  the  following  examples: 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

46 

43 

63 

125 

146 

149 

54 

55 

42 

248 

186 

127 

37 

36 

57 

105 

137 

136 

82 

44 

69 

123 

123 

144 

63 

61 

43 

149 

145 

133 

45 

38 

46 

208 

233 

245 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

(10) 

(11) 

(12) 

207 

218 

158 

248 

145 

222 

247 

243 

236 

339 

127 

333 

283 

239 

317 

216 

308 

246 

195 

216 

245 

138 

299 

184 

Copy  and  read  the  following  numbers : 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

200 

210 

204 

214 

324 

420 

300 

320 

305 

325 

446 

325 

400 

420 

405 

425 

666 

840 

500 

530 

501 

531 

533 

945 

600 

630 

601 

631 

440 

630 

700 

740 

702 

742 

567 

738 

800 

840 

807 

847 

836 

545 

900 

940 

906 

947 

924 

456 

72 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


SUBTRACTION. 

XJSSSOH    XJUEH. 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Here  is  a  beautiful  picture.     What  are  the  men 
doing?     How  many  are  making  the  fence? 

2.  How  many  are  5   men  less  2  men?     7  men  less 
2  men?     9  men  less  2  men?     11  men  less  2  men? 

3.  How  many  horses  are  6  horses  less  2  horses?     8 
horses  less  2  horses?     10  horses  less  2  horses? 

4.  How  many  is  6  less  2  ?     8  less  2  ?     10  less  2  ? 

5.  How  many  fence-posts  do  you   see?     How  many 
are  5  posts  less  3  posts?     7  posts  less  3  posts? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  73 

6.  The  farmer  has  10  sheep,  but  only  3  of  them  are 
in  sight.     How  many  are  10  sheep  less  3  sheep?     11 
sheep  less  3  sheep?     12  sheep  less  3  sheep? 

7.  How  many  is  10  less  3?     11  less  3?     12  less  3? 

8.  How  many  are  11  men  less  2  men?     21  men  less 

2  men  ?     41  men  less  2  men  ?     61  men  less  2  men  ? 

9.  How  many  are  12  sheep  less  3  sheep  ?     22  sheep 
less  3  sheep?     32  sheep  less  3   sheep?     52  sheep  less 

3  sheep? 

10.  Two  from   11    leaves    how  many?     2    from    21? 

2  from  41?     2  from  31  ?     2  from  51  ? 

11.  Three  from  12  leaves  how  many?     3   from  22? 

3  from  42  ?     3  from  32  ?     3  from  52  ?     3  from  62  ? 

12.  How  many  is  10  less  2  ?     20  less  2  ?     40  less  2  ? 
30  less  2  ?     60  less  2  ?     50  less  2  ? 

13.  How  many  is  11  less  3  ?     21  less  3  ?     41  less  3? 
51  less  3  ?     31  less  3  ?     61  less  3  ?     81  less  3  ? 

To  TEACHERS. — The  object  of  this  and  the  next  seven  lessons 
is  to  teach  the  subtraction  of  any  number  less  than  10,  from  any 
number  not  exceeding  100.  The  pupil  should  first  be  taught 
to  take  the  smaller  number  from  the  larger  number  as  a  whole. 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)          (6)          (7)          (8)          (9) 

From  11         21         41         52         31         61         82        72        92 
Take     222233333 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4)  - 

.(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

From  13 

23 

41 

51 

66 

74 

72 

49 

29 

Take  3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

(0) 

From  10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

70 

80 

90 

Take  1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

3 

74  PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


USSSOKT 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Mary  has  12  raisins:  if  she  eat  4  of  them,  how 
many  will  she  have  left? 

2.  Susan  has  picked  11  peaches  and  4  pears:  how 
many  more  peaches  has  she  than  pears? 

3.  Mr.  Smith  has  13  hogs:  if  he 
sell   4  of    them  to  a  drover,  how 
many  will  he  have  left? 

4.  Four  pears  from  11  pears  leave 
how  many?     4  pears  from  21  pears? 

4  pears  from  41  pears  ?     4  pears  from  31  pears  ? 

5.  Four  from  12  leaves  how  many?     4  from  22? 
4  from  42?     4  from  32?     4  from  52? 

6.  Four  from  7  leaves  how  many?     4  from  17? 
4  from  37?     4  from  57?     4  from  47?     4  from  27?. 
4  from  67?     4  from  77? 

7.  How  many  is  13  less  4?     23  less  4?     43  less 
4?     33  less  4?  *  63  less  4?     53  less  4? 

8.  How  many  is  11  less  4?     21  less  4?     41  less 
4?     61  less  4?     31  less  4?     51  less  4? 

9.  Begin  with  36  and  count  back  to  0  by  subtract- 
ing 4  successively,  thus  :  36,  32,  28,  24,  etc. 

10.  Begin  with  43  and  count  back  to  3  by  sub- 
tracting 4  successively. 

11.  Begin  with  33  and  count  back  to  0  by  sub- 
tracting 3  successively. 

12.  Begin  with  35  and  count  back  to  1  by  sub- 
tracting 2  successively. 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC.  75 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)          (2)           (3)           (4)          (5)          (6)          (7)  (8)  (9) 

From  17        27        47        36        56        88        35  49  44 
Take  _4'_4_4_4_4_4_4_4_4 

(1)          (2)          (3)          (4)          (5)          (6)          (7)  (8)  (9) 

From  12        22        42        52        13        23        43  63  53 

Take     4        j4          4        _4         _4        Jl        _4  _4  _4 

(1)          (2)          (3)          (4)          (5)          (6)          (7)  (8)  (9) 

From  11         21         41         61         14        13        23  43  33 
Take  J±_i_ljl_!jl_J_4_f 

(1)          (2)          (3)          (4)          (5)          (6)          (7)  (8)  (9) 

From  46        27        48        66        37        78        88  96  66 

Take  14        14        24        44        24        24        55  74  44 


•L.BSSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  In  a  spelling  exercise,  Martha  wrote  12  words 
on  her  slate,  and  misspelled  5  of  them:  how  many 
words  did  she  spell  correctly? 

2.  A  farmer  has  13  chickens:  if 
he  sell   5   of  them,  how  many  will 
he  have  left? 

3.  Alice  made  14  figures  on  her 
slate,  and  then  erased  5  of  them : 

how  many  figures  were  left? 

4.  Five  stars  from  11  stars  leave  how  many?     5 
stars  from  21  stars?     5  stars  from  31  stars?     5  stars 
from  51  stars? 

5.  Five  from  12  leaves  how  many?     5  from  22? 
5  from  42?     5  from  62?     5  from  32? 


76 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


6.  How  many  is  14  less  5?     24  less  5?     44  less 
5?     34  less  5?     54  less  5?     64  less  5? 

7.  How  many  is  27  less  5?     38  less  5?     42  less 
5?     61  less  5?     59  less  5? 

8.  Five  from  13  leaves  how  many?     5  from  23? 
5  from  43?     5  from  63?     5  from  53?     5  from  33? 
5  from  63?     5  from  83? 

9.  How  many  is  19  less  5?     29  less  5?     49  less 
5?     39  less  5?     53  less  5?     63  less  5?     73  less  5? 
43  less  5?     33  less  5? 

10.  Begin  with  43  and  count  back  to  3  by  sub- 
tracting 5  successively. 

11.  Begin  with  52  and  count  back  to  2  by  sub- 
tracting 5  successively. 


(i) 

From  14 
Take     5 


(2) 

24 

5 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(3) 

44 

5 


(4) 

12 
5 


(5) 

22 

5 


(6) 

42 

5 


(7) 

23 

5 


(8)          (9) 

43        63 

5          5 


(1)  (2) 
From  45  67 
Take  23  45 


(3) 
54 
53 


39 
25 


(5) 

77 
55 


(6) 
65 
45 


(7) 

57 
45 


(8)  0) 
64  89 
33  47 


(1)  (2) 
From  21  31 
Take  15  15 


(3) 
33 
15 


(4) 
32 
15 


(5) 
50 
25 


(6) 
44 
25 


(7) 

48 
25 


(8) 
53 
35 


(9) 
54 
35 


(1) 

From  32 
Take  13 


42 
14 


(3) 
52 
23 


33 
24 


(5) 
43 
24 


(6) 
53 
35 


(7) 
22 
13 


(8) 
32 
24 


(9) 
52 
35 


To  TEACHERS. — Teach  the  pupil  how  to  proceed  when  the 
lower  unit  figure  is  greater  than  the  upper.  Let  him  first  learu 
the  how  and  afterward  the  why. 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  77 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

I.  Harry  bought  15  slate  pencils,  and  gave  6  of 
them  to  his  sister  :  how  many  had  he  left  ? 

2.  A  farmer  has  13  oxen  in  one 
field,  and  6  in  another:  how  many 
oxen  in  the  first  field  more  than  in 
the  second? 

3.  Jane  is  14  years  old,  and  her 
brother  is  6  years  younger  :  how  old  is  her  brother  ? 

4.  Six  raisins  from  12  raisins  leave  how  many  rai- 
sins?    6  raisins  from  22  raisins?     6  raisins  from  42 
raisins?     6  raisins  from  11  raisins? 

5.  Six  from  13  leaves  how  many?     6  from  23? 
6  from  43?     6  from  33?     6  from  63? 

6.  Six  from  18  leaves  how  many?     6  from  28? 
6  from  48?     6  from  58?     6  from  78?     6  from  68? 

7.  How  many  is  15  less  6?     25  less  6?     45  less 
6?     65  less  6?     35  less  6?     55  less  6? 

8.  How  many  is  14  less  6?     34  less  6?     54  less 
6?     24  less  6?     44  less  6?     64  less  6? 

1     9.  How  many  is  14  less  6?     23  less  6?     35  less 
6?     21  less  6?     42  less  6?     53  less  6? 
i     10.  Begin  with  36  and  count  back  to  0  by  sub- 
tracting 6  successively. 

II.  Begin  with  33  and  count  back  to  3  by  sub- 
tracting 6  successively. 

12.  Begin  with  42  and  count  back  to  0  by  sub- 
tracting 6  successively. 


78 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(1) 

From  15 
Take  _6 

(1) 

From  25 
Take  16 

(l) 

From  22 
Take  14 

(1) 

From  137 
Take  24 


(2) 

25 


(2) 
35 
26 

(2) 
44 
35 


(3)    (4) 

35    14 

6    6 


(3) 
45 
26 

(3) 
31 
16 


34 
16 


43 

26 


(2)     (3) 

257    146 

45    36 


(5)    (6) 

34   54 

6    6 


(5) 
54 
26 

(5) 
25 
16 


(6) 
64 
36 

(6) 
54 
45 


(7) 
13 
_6 

(7) 

33 
26 

(7) 

62 
13 


(4)      (5)     (6) 

188    296    267 
45    56    44 


(8)          (9) 

43        63 

6          6 


(8) 
43 
36 

(8) 
63 
34 

(7) 

168 

55 


(9) 
63 
56 

(9) 
31 
14 

(8) 

149 

38 


3UESSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

£.  Alice  is  14  years  old,  and  her  brother  is  7  years 
younger  than  she  :  how  old  is  her  brother? 

2.  There  are  16  knives  in  a  basket:  if  .7  of  them 
be  placed  on  the  table,  how  many  knives  will  re- 
main in  the  basket? 

3.  A  hen  has  11  chickens,  but  a 
hawk  carried  off  7  of  them:   how 
many  chickens  were  left? 

4.  Seven  apples  from  12  apples 
leave  how  many  ?     7  apples   from 

22  apples  ?     7  apples  from  42  apples  ?     7  apples  from 
52  apples?     7  apples  from  32  apples? 

5.  Seven  from  15  leaves  how  many?     7  from  25? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  79 

7  from  55?     7  from  85?     7  from  65?     7  from  45? 
7  from  35?     7  from  75? 

6.  How  many  is   16   less  7?     36  less  7?     26  less 
7?     46  less  7?     66  less  7?     56  less  7? 

7.  How  many   is  14   less  7?     44  less  7?     54  less 
7?     64  less  7?     84  less  7?     34  less  7?     74  less  7? 
24  less  7?     84  less  7? 

8.  How  many  is   19  less  7?     29  less  7?     59  less 
7?     68  less  7?     38  less  7?     32  less  7?     44  less  7? 
33  less  7?     35  less  7? 

9.  Begin  with   35   and  count  back  to  0  by  sub- 
tracting 7  successively. 

10.  Begin  with  40  and  count  back  to  5  by  sub- 
tracting 7  successively. 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)          (2)          (3)          (4)          (5)          (6)  (7)  (8)  (9) 

From  16         36        46        21         41         61  25  55  75 
Take  j;_717_71727J71747 

(1)          (2)          (3)          (4)          (5)          (6)  (7)  (8)  (9) 

From  73        45        84        87        55        66  63  50  44 
Take  472757673747273727 

(1)            (2)            (3)            (4)            (5)  (6)  (7)  (8) 

From  145        247         365        473        586  693  287  364 

Take     36        143        246        344        277  475  176  246 

(1)            (2)            (3)            (4)            (5)  (6)  (7)  (8) 

From  234        344        454        364        474  284  204  354 

Take   143        153        284        246        187  167  185  245 

(1)            (2)            (3)             (4)            (5)  (6)  (7)  (8) 

From  205        333        415        616        427  384  532  516 

Take  127        227        345        508        276  279  348  347 


80  PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Charles  found  13  quinces  on  a  quince-tree,  and 
picked  8  of  them  :  how  many  were  left  ? 

2.  John  found  15  nuts,  and  ate  8 
of  them  :  how  many  had  he  left  ? 

3.  Kate  had  22  problems  to  solve, 
and  she  has  solved  8  of  them  :  how 
many  has  she  to  solve  ? 

4.  John  bought  25  oranges,  and  sold  8  of  them 
before  dinner:  how  many  had  he  left? 

5.  How  many  are  14  nuts  less  8  nuts?     24  nuts 
less  8  nuts?     44  nuts  less  8  nuts?     34  nuts  less  8 
nuts?     54  nuts  less  8  nuts? 

6.  How  many  is  12  less  8?     32  less  8?     52  less 
8?     62  less  8?     42  less  8?     22  less  8? 

7.  How  many  is  16  less  8?     26  less  8?     46  less 
8?     36  less  8?     56  less  8?     76  less  8?     66  less  8? 

8.  Eight  from  15  leaves  how  many?     8  from  35? 
8  from  40?     8  from  30?     8  from  59? 

9.  Begin  with  40  and  count  back  to  0  by  sub- 
tracting 8  successively. 

10.  Begin  with  45  and  count  back  to.  5  by  sub- 
tracting 8  successively. 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES.  • 

(1)          (2)  (3)          (4)          (5)          (6)  (7)  (8)  (9) 

From  13        33        53        12        42        62  17  27  57 

Take     8        18        28          8        18        38          8  18  38 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  81 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

From 

25 

55 

65 

24 

44 

63 

83 

51 

71 

Take 

18 

28 

38 

18 

28 

38 

58 

36 

25 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

W 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

From 

148 

256 

198 

273 

366 

354 

275 

486 

Take 

65 

76 

76 

65 

84 

55 

_87 

92 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

From 

422 

433 

344 

555 

866 

477 

688 

399 

Take 

364 

225 

256 

367 

276 

248 

586 

157 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Clara  had  17  words  to  write,  and  she  IK:S  written 
9:  how  many  words  has  she  yet  to  write? 

2.  John  has  15  marbles,  and  Samuel  has  9  less 
than  John :  how  many  marbles  has  Samuel  ? 

3.  A  grocer  has  25  sacks  of  flour :  when  he  has 
sold  9  sacks^  how  many  will  he  have  left? 

4.  Sixteen   birds   lit  on    a 
tree,  and  9  of  them  soon  flew 

to  the  ground:  how  mauy 

were  left  on  the  tree? 

5.  How  many  will  remain 

pins?     9  pins  from  23  pins? 
9  pins  from  43  pins?     9  pins  from  63  pins? 

G.  How  many  is  15  less  9?     35  less  9?     55  less 
9?     45  less  9?     65  less  9? 

7.  How  many  is  18  less  9?     38  less  9?     48  less 
9?     58  less  9?     78  less  9?     68  less  9? 
P.  A.  6. 


82 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


8.  Begin  with  45  and  count  back  to  0  by  sub- 
tracting 9  successively. 

9.  Begin  with  40  and  count  back  to  4  by  sub- 
tracting 9  successively. 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4)    (5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

From 

17 

37 

47 

26    56 

86 

35 

45 

55 

Take 

9 

19 

29 

19    29 

49 

19 

29 

39 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4)    (5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

From 

24 

44 

64 

53    63 

83 

42 

52 

72 

Take 

J 

19 

29 

39    29 

59 

29 

49 

59 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

.  (8) 

From 

236 

135 

344 

453 

363 

172 

284 

464 

Take 

67 

118 

226 

225 

244 

154 

155 

336 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(3) 

From 

344 

456 

265 

237 

473 

686 

468 

557 

Take 

283 

367 

187 

178 

358 

496 

279 

328 

USSSOM    JL» 

REVIEW. 

1.  Three  from  31  leaves  how  many?     5  from  31? 

7  from  31?     9  from  31?     6  from  31? 

2.  Four  from  43  leaves  how  many?     6  from  43? 

8  from  43?     7  from  43?     9  from  43? 

3.  Five  from  44  leaves  how  many?     7  from  44? 

9  from  44?     6  from  44?     8  from  44? 

4.  How  many  is  52  less  4?     52  less  6?     52  less 
8?     52  less  3?     52  less  5?     52  less  7?     52  less  9? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  83 

5.  How  many  is  55  less  6?     55  less  8?     55  less 
5?     55  less  7?     55  less  9?     55  less  10? 

6.  How  many  is  60  less  3?     60  less  7?     60  less 
9?     60  less  4?     60  less  6?     60  less  8?     60  less  5? 

Subtraction  is  the  process  of  finding  the  differ- 
ence between  two  numbers. 

The  number  obtained  by  subtracting  one  number 
from  another  is  called  the  Difference  or  Remainder. 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)       (2)      (3)       (4)       (5)       (6)       (7)       (8)       (9)     (10)     (11)  (12) 

From  68979786978  9 
Take3        >>45       3       4       2     '?        >        >       8 


(13) 

(14) 

(15) 

(16) 

(17) 

(IS) 

(19) 

(20) 

From  13 

15 

14 

10 

15 

17 

16 

19 

Take  _5 

7 

6 

7 

8 

_9 

7 

8 

(21) 

(22) 

(23) 

(24) 

(25) 

(26) 

(27) 

(28) 

From  22 

23 

44 

55 

46 

34 

35 

42 

Take  16 

VL 

28 

29 

28 

1? 

1! 

25 

(29) 

(30) 

(31) 

(32) 

(33) 

(34) 

(35) 

(36) 

From  122 

233 

148 

255 

249 

234 

159 

249 

Take  46 

57 

68 

79 

J7 

46 

67 

85 

(37) 

(38) 

(39) 

(40) 

(4i) 

(42) 

(43) 

(44) 

From  232 

344 

356 

438 

242 

459 

387 

346 

Take  145 

276 

218 

347 

126 

339 

258 

185 

(45) 

(46) 

(47) 

(48) 

(49) 

(50) 

(51) 

(52) 

From  433 

545 

573 

999 

796 

307 

606 

704 

Take  227 

366 

383 

666 

669 

249 

546 

665 

(53) 

(54) 

(55) 

(56) 

(57) 

(58) 

(59) 

(60) 

From  581 

494 

301 

409 

603 

350 

270 

600 

Take  309 

305 

129 

•  227 

542 

169 

165 

321 

8i  PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


PROMISCUOUS  ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Harry  is  12  years  old,  and  Charles  is  9:  what 
is  the  sum  of  their  ages  ? 

2.  Mary  is  15  years  old,  and  Kate  is  8  :  what  is 
the  difference  between  their  ages? 

3.  Mr.  Jones  has  20  pears  in  his  basket:   if  he 
give   a    little   boy  4  of  them,  how  many  pears  will 
remain  in  the  basket? 

4.  Frank  sold  four  oranges  for  16  cents,  and  a  pint 
of  nuts  for  4  cents:  how  many  cents  did  he  receive? 

5.  If  you    add    9    urns    and    6 
urns   and    5    urns,  what    will    the 
sum  be? 

6.  If  you  take  6  tops  from  15 
tops,  what  will  the  difference  be  ? 

7.  A  farmer  has  16  cows  in   one  pasture,  and  7 
in  another:  how  many  cows  in  both  pastures? 

8.  There  are  25  eggs  in  a  basket,  and  8  in  a  nest  : 
how  many  more  eggs  in  the  basket  than  in  the  nest? 

9.  Mr.  Gray  has  15  peach  trees  in  his  orchard,  and 
6  in  his  garden:  how  many  more  peach  trees  in  the 
orchard  than  in  the  garden  ? 

10.  Clara  has  16  pearl  beads,  and  Jane  has  9:  if 
Jane  should   give   hers   to  Clara,  how  many  beads 
would  Clara  then  have? 

11.  What  is  the  number  obtained  by  adding  two 
or  more  numbers  together  called? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  85 

12.  What  is  the  sum  of  27  and   8?     27  .and  4? 
25  and  4?     25  and  8?     25  and  6? 

13.  What  is  the  amount  obtained  by  adding  32 
and  8?     36  and  7?     44  and  6? 

14.  What  is  the  number  obtained  by  subtracting 
one  number  from  another  called? 

15.  What  is  the  difference  between  9  and  15?     8 
and  24?     6  and  21? 

16.  What  will  be  the  remainder  if  you  take  7  from 
33?     6  from  42? 

17.  When  we  take  one  number  from  another  what 
is  the  process  called  ? 

18.  Subtract  7  from  15.     7  from  35.     8  from  36. 

19.  What  is  the  sum  of  8  and  45?    What  is  their 
difference  ? 

20.  Willis  has  15  plums:   how  many  more  must 
he  pick  to  have  25  plums? 

21.  How  many  blocks  must  you  add  to  16  blocks 
to  make  23  blocks? 

22.  A  coat  cost  25  dollars,  and  a  vest  16  dollars; 
how  much  did  the  coat  cost  more  than  the  vest? 

23.  How  many  are  5  and  4  and  6  and  8  less  9? 

24.  How  many  are  8  and  9  less  6  less  5? 

25.  How  many  are  8  and  5  and  6  less  3  less  4 
less  6? 

26.  How  many  are  5  and  6  and  7  less  4  less  5 
less  3? 

27.  How  many  are  23  and  5  and  8  and  4  less  5 
less  6  less  7? 


86 


PRIMARY   ARITHMKTIC 


MULTIPLICATION, 

JuJSSSOH 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  What  season  of  the  year  does  this  picture  repre- 
sent?    What  are  the  boys  doing  in  the  orchard? 

2.  How  many  boys  are  twice  1  boy?     3  times  1  boy? 

3.  How  many  barrels  are  empty?     How  many  are  4 
times  1  barrel? 

How  many  are  twice  1  ?     3  times  1  ?     4  times  1  ? 

4.  How  many  apple  trees  in  sight?     How  many  are 
5  times  1  tree?     6  times  1  tree? 

How  many  are  5  times  1  ?     6  times  1  ? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  87 

5.  How  many  are  7  times  1  apple  ?  8  times  1  apple  ? 
9  times  1  apple?  10  times  1  apple? 

How  many  are  7  times  1  ?    £  times  1  ?     10  times  1  ? 

To  TEACHERS.  —  Develop  the  idea  of  multiplication,  using 
visible  objects,  as  books,  blocks,  pencils,  etc.  Division  may  be 
taught  orally  in  connection  with  multiplication. 


Hoiu   many   are 


1  time    1  ?     .      . 

.      .     .     .     1 

2  times  1  ?    .     . 

.      .      .     1     1 

3  times  1?    .     . 

..111 

4  times  1  ? 

1111 

5  times  1  ?    .     . 

11111 

6  times  1  ?     . 

.     .      .      1 

11111 

7  times  1  ?     . 

..11 

11111 

8  times  1  ?     .     . 

.111 

11111 

9  times  1  ?     .     . 

1111 

11111 

10  times  1  ?     .     1 

1111 

11111 

3UESSOH    3UHI. 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  boys  are  in  the  field?     How  many  are 
twice  2  boys? 

2.  How  many  barrels  are  filled  with  apples?     How 
many  are  3  times  2  barrels? 

How  many  are  twice  2  ?     3  times  2  ? 

3.  How  many  are  4  times  2  barrels?     5  times  2  bar- 
rels?    6  times  2  barrels? 

4.  How  many  are  4  times  2  ?     5  times  2  ?     6  times  2  ? 

5.  How  many  are  7  times  2  apples  ?     8  times  2  apples  ? 

6.  How  many  are  7  times  2  ?     8  times  2  ? 

7.  How  many  are  9  times  2  trees?     10  times  2  trees? 


88 


PRIMARY   ARITHMKTIG. 


8.  How  many  are   9   times   2  men?     9  times   2 
deer?     10  times  2  men?     10  times  2  deer? 

How  many  are  9  timejs  2?     10  times  2? 

9.  How  many  are  3  times  2  tops?     4  times  2  tops? 
2  times  2  tops?     5  times  2  tops?     7  times  2  tops? 
6  times  2  tops?     8  times  2  tops?     10  times  2  tops? 
9  times  2  tops  ? 

To  TEACHERS.— Show  the  pupil,  that  3  times  2  is  the  sum  of 
three  2's;  that  4  times  2  is  the  sum  of  four  2's,  etc.;  and  when 
the  table  is  studied  or  recited,  require  the  corresponding  number 
of  2's  at  the  right  to  be  added.  The  subsequent  tables  should  be 
studied  in  the  same  manner. 


How  many  are 

1    iim«     9? 

9 

2  times  2?     ... 

9     9 

3  times  2?    ... 

222 

4  times  2?     ... 

2222 

5  times  2?     ... 

0     9     2     2     2 

6  times  2?    .     .     . 

o 

22222 

7  times  2?    ... 
8  times  2?    ... 
9  times  2?     .     .     2 

.       2     2 
222 
222 

22222 
22222 
22222 

10  times  2?    .    2    2 

2 

2     2 

22222 

10. 

How  many  are 

2 

times 

2? 

4 

times 

2? 

3 

times 

2?     5  times  2? 

7 

times 

2? 

6 

times 

2? 

9 

times 

2?     10  times  2? 

8 

times 

2? 

11. 

How  many   are 

5 

times 

1? 

5 

times 

2? 

7 

limes 

1?     7  times  2? 

9 

times 

1? 

9 

times 

2? 

6 

times 

1?     6  times  2? 

12. 

How  many  are 

4 

times 

1? 

4 

times 

2? 

8 

times 

1?     8  times  2? 

7 

times 

1? 

7 

times 

2? 

13. 

How  many  times 

2  are  4? 

6? 

8?    10? 

12? 

14? 

16?     18?     20? 

PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


89 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

Multiply 

2 

2 

2 

2  ' 

2 

2 

2 

2 

By   .   .  . 



5 

4 

6 

9 

8 

7 



(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

Multiply 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

By   .   .   . 

6 

9 

7 

_8 

4 

6 

7 

5 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

.(5) 

(0) 

Multiply 

22 

21 

12 

22 

11 

21 

By   ... 

4 

3 

J 

3 

8 

4 

(1) 

(2) 

(8) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

Multiply 

11 

22 

11 

12 

20 

10 

By   ... 

6 

4 

9 

3 

4 

9 

UBSSON 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  A  cart  has  2  wheels:  how  many  wheels  have  4 
carts? 

SOLUTION. — 4  times  2  wheels  are  8  wheels:  4  carte  Aave  8  wheels. 

2.  A  drayman  earns  2  dol- 
lars a  day :  how  many  dollars 
will  he  earn  in  6  days? 

3.  John  bought  5  lemons 
at  2  cents  apiece:  how  many 
cents  did  they  cost? 

4.  If  one  bag  hold  .2  bush- 
els of  oats,  how  many  bushels  will  8  bags  hold  ? 

5.  What  will  6  bushels  of  apples  cost  at  1  dollar 
a  bushel  ?     At  2  dollars  a  bushel  ? 


90  PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 

6.  If  2  boys  can  sit  at  one  desk,  how  many  can 
sit  at  8  desks?     How  many  at  10  desks? 

7.  If  1  step  is  2  feet,  how  many  feet  are  there  in 
7  steps?     In  5  steps?     In  6  steps? 

8.  If  2  horses  make  a  span,  how  many  horses  will 
make  4  span?     8  span? 

9.  Albert  saw  5  yoke  of  oxen:  how  many  oxen 
did  he  see  ? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 
Copy  and  complete  these  tables : 


Model. 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

1X1  =  1 

2X1 

2X2 

2X2 

5X1 

5X2 

1X2-2 

2X2 

2X4 

4X2  - 

1X7 

4X2 

1X3-3 

2X3 

2X6 

6X2 

7X2 

6X2 

1X4-4 

2X4 

2X8 

8X2 

2X6 

8X2 

1X5-5 

2X5 

2X3 

3X2 

1X5 

7X2 

1X6  =  6 

2X6 

2X5 

5X2 

8X1 

9X1 

1X7-7 

2X7 

2X7 

7X2 

2X5 

9X2 

1X8-8 

2X8 

2X1 

9X2 

4X2 

8X1 

1X9-9 

2X9 

2X9 

9X1 

3X2 

4X1 

To  TEACH;EBS. — Teach  the  pupil  that  the  sign  of  multiplica- 
tion (X)  when  placed  between  two  numbers,  shows  that  the 
number  before  it  is  to  be  multiplied  by  the  number  after  it.  3X2 
is  to  be  read  3  multiplied  by  2,  which  is  the  same  as  2  times  3. 
3  X  2  —  6  may  be  read,  for  convenience,  3  times  2  equal  6. 


3-.3SSSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 


1.  How   many  leaves  are   2   times   3   leaves?     3 
times  3  leaves?     4  times  3  leaves? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


91 

3  times 


2.  Two  times  3  figs  are  how  many  figs  ? 
3  figs?     4  times  3  figs? 

How  many  are  2  times  3?     3  times  3?     4  times  3? 


3.  James  has  found  5  times  3  shells:   how  many 
shells  has  he  found? 

4.  How  many  are  5  times  3  pebbles?     6  times  3 
pebbles?     5  times  3  marbles?     6  times  3  marbles? 

How  many  are  5  times  3?     6  times  3? 

5.  Alice  has  picked  7  oak  twigs,  and  each  twig  has 
3  leaves :  how  many  leaves  has  she  picked  ? 


6.  How  many  times  3  books  do  you  see  here?     8 
times   3  books  are  how  many  books?     9   times   3 
books?     10  times  3  books? 

How  many  are  8  times  3  ?     9  times  3  ?     10  times  3  ? 

7.  How  many  are  3  times  3  pens?     5  times  3 
pens?     7  times  3  pens?     9  times  3  pens?     10  times 
3  pens  ?     8  times  3  pens  ?     6  times  3  pens  ? 

How  many  are 


1 

time 

3? 

3 

9 

times 

3? 

3 

3 

3 

times 

S? 

3 

3 

3 

4 

times 

3? 

3 

3 

3 

3 

6 

times 

3? 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

6 

times 

3^ 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

7 

times 

3? 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

8 

times 

3? 

...      3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

9 

times 

3? 

..33 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

10 

times 

3? 

.333 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

92  .         PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 

8.  How  many  are  2  times  3?     3  times  3?     4  times 
3?     5  times  3?     8  times  3?     10  times  3? 

9.  How  many  are  5  times  3?  .  3  times  5?     7  times 
3?     3  times  7  ?     9  times  3?     3  times  9  ? 

10.  How  many  are  3  times  2  ?     3  times  3  ?     5  times 
1?     5  times  2?     5  times  3?     8  times  1?     8  times  2? 
8  times  3?     6  times  3? 

11.  How  many  times  3  are  6?    9?    15?    12?    18? 
24?     21?     27?     30? 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

•(9) 

Multiply 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

By  ... 

2 

4 

6 

8 

_9 

3 

_JL 

7 

5 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(&) 

(9) 

Multiply 

3 

2 

1 

2 

3 

2 

3 

1 

2 

By   ... 

6 

9 

8 

7 

5 

4 

6 

5 

6 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

Multiply 

33 

32 

31 

. 

30 

13 

23 

By  ... 

3 

4 

8 

7 

.3 

2 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

Multiply 

33 

33 

33 

22 

22 

22 

By  ... 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

To  TEACHERS. — Teach  the  pupil  how  to  proceed  when  th< 
product  of  the  two  unit  figures  exceeds  9. 


HbBSSOM 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Each  finger  has  3  joints:  how  many  joints  have 
2  fingers?     3  fingers? 

2.  If  each  stool  has  3  legs,  how  many  legs  have  3 
stools?     4  stools?     5  stools? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  93 

3.  At  3  cents  apiece,  what  will  8  lemons  cost  ? 

4.  If  a  barrel  will  hold  3  bushels  of  apples,  how 
many  bushels  will  7  barrels  hold  ? 

5.  A  drover  bought  9  sheep  at  3  dollars  a  head : 
how  many  dollars  did  he  pay  for  them? 

6.  Harry  caught  3  fishes   in    his  net,   and   John 
caught  6  times  as  many  as  Harry :    how  many  did 
John  catch? 

7.  A  hunter  killed  3  squirrels,  and  saw  5  times  as 
many :  how  many  squirrels  did  he  see  ? 

8.  What  will  8  quarts  of  chestnuts  cost,  at  3  cents 
a  quark? 

9.  What  will  7  spools  of  thread  cost,  at  3  cents  a 
spool ? 

10.  There  are  3  feet  in  a  yard:  how  many  feet 
are  there  in  6  yards? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 
Copy  and  complete  these  tables : 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

3X1 

3X3 

3X3 

2X4 

6  +  2 

3X2 

3X5 

5X3 

3X4 

7  +  3 

3X3 

3X7 

7X3 

1X4 

8+1 

3X4 

3X9 

9X3 

2X5 

9  +  2 

3X5 

3X8 

8X3 

2X3 

9+3 

3X6 

3X6 

6X3 

3X5 

8  +  3 

3X7 

3X4 

4X3 

2X4 

9  +  1 

3X8 

3X2 

2X3 

1X6 

7  +  2 

3X9 

3X5 

3X3 

2X7 

5  +  3 

To  TEACHERS. — Explain  the  sign  of  addition  (  +  )  used  in 
the  5th  table,  and  teach  the  pupil  to  read  it  plus,  as  6  plus  2; 
7  plus  3,  etc. 


94 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


3L.BSSOM 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  rabbits  are  2  times  4  rabbits? 
times  4  rabbits?     4  times  4  rabbits? 


2.  Once  4  sheep  are  how  many  sheep?     Twice  4 
sheep  ?     3  times  4  sheep  ?     4  times  4  sheep  ? 

How  many  are  2  times  3?     3  times  3?     4  times  3? 

%M> 

A  A 

3.  Here  are  how  many  groups  of  arrows  ?     Five 
times  4  arrows  are  how  many  arrows?     6  times  4 

arrows?     3  times  4  arrows? 

» 

4.  How  many  girls  are  5  times  4  girls?     6  times 
4  girls?     4  times  4  girls? 

How  many  are  5  times  4?     6  times  4?     4  times  4? 


5.  How   many   hoofs   has   each   of  these    horses? 
How  many  hoofs  have  7  horses?     8  horses? 

6.  Seven  times  4  shoes  are  how  many  shoes?     8 
times  4  shoes?     6  times  4  shoes? 

How  many  are  7  times  4?     8  times  4?     6  times  4? 

7.  How  many  are  9  times  4  fingers?     10  times  4 
fingers?     9  times  4  arrows?    ,10  times  4  arrows? 

How  many  are  9  times  4  ?    10  times  4  ?    4  times  10  ? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


95 


8.  How  many  are  2  times  4  hats?  4  times  4  hats? 
5  times  4  hats?  3  times  4  hats?  7  times  4  hats? 
9  times  4  hats?  8  times  4  hats?  6  times  4  hats? 


How  ', 
1 

many 

time 

arc 

4? 

4 

2 

times 

4? 

4 

4 

3 

times 

4? 

4 

4 

4 

4 

times 

4? 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

times 

4? 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

6 

times 

4? 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

^ 

times 

4? 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

8 

times 

4? 

...     4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

9 

times 

4? 

..44 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

10 

times 

4? 

.444 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

9.  How  many  are  2  times  4?  3  times  4?  5  times 
4?  6  times  4?  4  times  4?  8  times  4?  7  times  4? 
9  times  4?  3  times  4?  10  times  4? 


10.  Five  times  4  are  how  many? 
mes  7?     6  times  4?     4  times  6? 
mes  8?     9  times  4?     4  times  9? 

7^  times  4?     4 
8  'times  4?     4 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(G) 

(7) 

(8) 

Multiply 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

By  ... 

3 

5 

7 

9 

8 

6 

4 

2 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

$ 

Multiply 

3 

2 

3 

3 

2 

3 

3 

2 

By  ... 

4 

4 

7 

9 

8 

6 

5 

4 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

Multiply 

44 

43 

42 

41 

40 

41 

By   ... 

2 

3 

4 

8 

9 

5 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

Multiply 

24 

43 

34 

44 

23 

34 

By  ... 

5 

4 

3 

6 

7 

8 

96  PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  There  are  4  fingers  on  one  hand:   how  many 
fingers  are  there  on  2  hands?     3  hands?     5  hands/ 

2.  There   are   4   quarts  in   a   gallon:    how   mar.y 
quarts  are  there  in  6  gallons?     7  gallons? 

3.  An  elk  has  4  legs  :  how 
many   legs   have   4  elks?     G 
elks?     5  elks? 

4.  Four  girls  have  4  roses 
each :   how  many  roses  have 

hsr 

"^iSP^HBSfiS^WB^ 

5.  A  wagon  has  4  wheels : 

how  many  wheels  have  7  wagons?     5  wragons? 

6.  What  will  8  loads  of  wood  cost,  at  4  dollars 
a  load?     At  3  dollars  a  load? 

7.  What  will  7  pairs  of  shoes  cost,  at  4  dollars  a- 
pair?     At  3  dollars  a  pair? 

8.  What  will  10  oranges  cost,  at  4  cents  apiece? 

9.  If  a  sheet  of  paper    make   4  pages,  how  many 
pages  will  9  sheets  make  ? 

10.  If  a  man    walk   4  miles  in  an  hour,  how  far 
will  he  walk  in  8  hours? 

11.  How  many  are   3   times   2?     3  times   3?     3 
times  4?     5  times  3?     5  times  4?     7  times   2?     7 
times  3?     7  times  4? 

12.  How  many  times  4  are  8?     12?     20?     1G? 
24?    32?     28?     3G? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


97 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


Copy  and 

complete  these  tables  : 

(i) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

4X1  = 

4X3 

3X4 

4X4 

4  +  4 

4X2- 

4X1 

1X4 

6X3 

6  +  3 

4X3-' 

4X5 

5X4 

6X2 

6  +  4 

4X4- 

4X7 

7X4 

5X4 

5  +  4 

4X5- 

4X2 

2X4 

5X3 

5  +  2 

4X6  - 

4X4 

4X4 

5X2 

7  +  4 

4X7- 

4X6 

6X4 

7X4 

8  +  3 

4X8- 

4X9 

9X4 

8X3 

9  +  4 

4X9  — 

4X8 

8X4 

9X2 

9  +  3 

LHSSOH    auiIX. 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 


1.  How  many  bunches  of  grapes  in  each  of  these 
groups?     In  2  groups?     In  3  groups? 

2.  How  many  are  2  times  5  doves?     3  times  5 
doves?     4  times  5  doves? 

How  many  are  2  times  5  ?     3  times  5  ?     4  times  5  ? 


3.  The  leaves  of  a  flower  are  called  petals.     How 
many  petals  has  each  of  these  pretty  violets  ? 

4.  Jane  has  picked  5  violets,  and  Mary  5  times  as 
many  as  Jane :  how  many  violets  has  Mary  picked  ? 

5.  How  many  petals  are  4  times  5  petals  ?     5  times 
5  petals?     6  times  5  petals? 

How  many  are  4  times  5?     5  times  5?    6  times  5? 
P.  A.  7. 


98  PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 

6.  Edward  has  5  marbles,  and  Albert  7  times  as 
many  as  Edward  :  how  many  marbles  has  Albert  ? 

~£>JD        «£J&        *£>J&         J2  Jd        *£>  J©        *£>~^       -£>  JO 


7.  Seven  times  5  marbles  are  how  many  marbles? 
8  times  5  marbles? 

How  many  are  7  times  5?     8  -times  5?     5  times  8? 

i  ff  i  M  i  ff  i 

8.  Mary  kept  the  account  in  a  spelling  match  be- 
tween two  classes.     The  first  class  misspelled  9  times 
5  words;  the  second  10  times  5  words:  how  many 
words  did  each  class  misspell? 

How  many  are  9  times  5  ?    10  times  5  ?    5  times  10? 

9.  How  many  are  3  times   5   cents?     5  times   5 
cents?     4  times  5  cents?     7  times  5  cents?     6  times 
5  cents?     9  times  5  cents?     10  times  5  cents?     8 
times  5  cents  ? 


Hoio 

1 

many 

time 

are 

<x>>*i< 

>o— 

5 

2 

times 

5?      .      . 

5 

5 

3 

times 

5?     .     . 

5 

5 

5 

4 

times 

5?     .     . 

^ 

5 

5 

5 

times 

5?     .     . 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

6 

times 

5? 

g 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

7 

times 

5?    .     . 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

8 
9 
10 

times 
times 
times 

5?    .     . 

5?  %.     . 
5?     .    5 

.      5 
5    5 
5     5 

5 
5 

5 

5 

5 
5 

5 

5 
5 

5 
5 
5 

5 
5 
5 

5 
5 
5 

5 
5 
5 

10.  How  many  are  3  times  5?  6  times  5?  9 
times  5?  10  times  5?  8  times  5?  7  times  5?  5 
times  5?  4  times  5?  2  times  5? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


99 


11.  Four  times  5  are  how  many?     5  times  4?     8 
times  5?     5  times  5?     7  times  5?     3  times  5?     5 
times  3?     9  times  5? 

12.  How  many   are   7  times  3?     8  times  3?     9 
times  3?     7  times  4?     8  times  4?     9  times  4?     7 
times  5?     8  times  5?     9  times  5? 

13.  How  many  fimes  5  are  10?     15?     20?     30? 
40?     50?     25?     35?     45? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(l) 

(2)          (3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6)          (7) 

(8) 

Multiply 

5 

5          5 

5 

5 

5          5 

5 

By  ... 

5 

4          7 

6 

9 

8          2 

J 

(l) 

(2)           (3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6)          (7) 

(8) 

Multiply 

3 

4          7 

G 

0 

8           2 

5 

By   ... 

5 

5          5 

5 

5 

5          5 

5 

0) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

Multiply 

54 

53 

52 

51 

50 

51 

By   ... 

2 

3     . 

4- 

6 

8 

7 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

Multiply 

25 

35 

45 

15 

55 

52  • 

By  ... 

4 

6 

8 

2 

9 

5 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  An  orchard  has  6  rows  of  trees,  and  each  row 
has  5  trees:  how  many  trees  in  the  orchard? 

2.  A  recitation  room  contains  4   seats,  and  there 
are  5  pupils  sitting  on  each  seat:  how  many  pupils 
in  the  room  ? 


100 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


3.  Lucy  gave  5  plums  to  her  brother,  and  6  times 
as  many  to  her  mother :  how  many  plums  did  she 
give  to  her  mother? 

4.  If  a  horse  travel  5  miles 
an  hour,  how  many  miles  will 
he  travel  in  7  hours  ? 

5.  If  a  boat  sail  5  miles  an 
hour,  how  far  will  it  sail  in 
10  hours? 

6.  Willie  is  5  years  old,  and 
his  father  is  8  times  as  old  as  he :  how  old  is  Willie's 
father?     How  many  are  8  times  5? 

7.  If  a  ladder  have   5  rounds,  how  many  rounds 
will  3  ladders  have? 

8.  What  will  7  lead-pencils  cost,  at  5  cents  apiece? 

9.  What  will  8  oranges  cost,  at  5  cents  apiece? 

10.  What  will  9  hats  cost,  at  5  dollars  apiece? 

11.  What  will  6  tables  cost,  at  5  dollars  apiece? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


Copy  and  complete  these  tables : 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(o) 

5X1  = 

5X3 

3X5 

5X4 

5  +  5 

5X2  = 

5X5 

5X5 

5X6 

6  +  5 

5X3  = 

5X7 

7X5 

3X7 

8  +  5 

5X4  = 

5X2 

2X5 

4X8 

9  +  4 

5X5  = 

5X4 

4X5 

5X8 

7  +  5 

5X6  = 

5X3 

3X5 

4X9 

7+4 

5X7  = 

5X6 

6X5 

3X9 

4  +  5 

5X8  = 

5X8 

8X5 

5X6 

8  +  4 

5X9  = 

5X9 

9X5 

5X9 

6  +  4 

PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC,  101 

3UBSSOH    3L.3O* 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  girls  are  once  6  girls?     2  times  6 
girls?     3  times  6  girls?     4  times  6  girls? 

How  many  are  2  times  6  ?     3  times  6  ?     4  times  6  ? 


2.  How  many  books  in  each  of  these  rows  ?    Twice 
6  books  are  how  many  books?     3  times  6   books? 
4  times  6  books?     5  times  6  books? 

3.  William's  little  book-case  has  5  shelves,  and  on 
each  shelf  are  6  books :   how  many  books  are  there 
in  the  case? 

4.  How  many  pencils  are  3  times  6  pencils?     4 
times  6  pencils?     5  times  6  pencils? 

How  many  are  4  times  6  ?     5  times  6  ?     3  times  6  ? 


5.  Willie  arranged  his  mother's  spools  of  thread  in 
6  piles,  by  placing  6  spools  in  each  pile :  how  many 
spools  were  there? 

6.  How  many  are  6  times  6  spools?     7  times  6 
spools?     8  times  6  spools? 

7.  Six  times  6  hats  are  how  many  hats?     7  times 
6  hats?     8  times  6  hats? 

How  many  are  6  times  6  ?     7  times  6  ?     8  times  6  ? 

8.  How  many  legs  has  a  bird  ?     How  many  has  a 
mouse?     How  many  has  a  fly? 


102  PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 

9.  If  a  fly  lias  6  legs,  how  many  legs    do  9  flies 
have?     10  flies? 


10.  How   many   stars  are   9   times   6  stars?     10 
times  6  stars? 

How  many  are  9  times  6  ?    10  times  6  ?    8  times  6  ? 

11.  How  many  are  2  times  6  slates?     3  times  6 
slates  ?     5  times  6  slates  ?    7  times  6  slates  ?    6  times 
6  slates?     9  times  6  slates?     8  times  6  slates?     10 
times  6  slates? 


Hoiv 
1 

many 

time 

are 

6?    .    . 

6 

2 

times 

6?     .     . 

6 

fi 

3 

times 

6?    .    . 

6 

f> 

r> 

4 

times 

6?    .     . 

6 

n 

fi 

6 

5 

times 

6?    .     . 

fi 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

times 

6?     .     . 

6 

6 

fi 

r> 

6 

6 

7 
8 
9 
10 

times 
times 
times 
times 

6?    .     . 
6?    .     . 
6?    .    . 
6?    .    6 

.     .      6 
.      6     6 
666 
666 

6 

6 
6 
6 

6 
6 

6 
6 

6 

6 
6 
6 

6 
6 
6 
6 

6 
6 
6 

6 

6 
6 
6 

6 

12.  How  many  are   2  times   6?  5  times   6?  7 
times  6?     4  times  6?     3  times  6?  8  times  6?  9 
times  6?     10  times  6? 

13.  How  many  are  4   times   6?  6   times   4?  7 
times  6?     6  times  3?     5  times  6?  6  times  5?  8 
times  6?     6  times  6? 

14.  Seven  times  5  are  how  many?     6  times  4?  5 
times  3?     8  times  5?     7  times  6?  9  times  3?  8 
times  6?     8  times  4? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


103 


15.  How  many  6's  in  12?  24?  18?  30?  42? 
36?  54?  48?  ^ 


Multiply      6 
By   .   .   .    _4 

(l) 

Multiply      4 
By   .   .   .    _j> 

(1) 

Multiply    64 
Bv   .  3 


(1) 

Multiply    63 
By   .   /.      6 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

5 

.      7 

2 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

5 

7 

6 

3 

6 

6 

6 

6 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

63 

65 

62 

4 

6 

5 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

64 

55 

65 

5 

8 

4 

(6) 
6 


(6) 


(7)  (8) 
6  6 
3  9 


(7)  (8) 
2  9 
6  6 


(5) 
61 


(6) 

60 

9 


(5)  (6) 

62  41 

7  9 


how 

3. 

tain 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Charles  found    3   bird's 
nests,  and   each   nest  had   6 
eggs  in  it:   how  many  eggs 
did  he  find? 

2.  Mary's    spelling    lesson 
consists    of    3    columns,    and 
each  column  contains  6  words: 

many  words  in  her  lesson? 

How  many  letters  in  6  words,  if  each  word  con- 

6  letters? 


104 


PRIMARY    ARITHMKTIG. 


4.  A  drover  bought  10  sheep,  at  6  dollars  a  head : 
how  many  dollars  did  he  pay  for  them  ? 

5.  A  house  has  8  windows,  and  each  window  con- 
tains 6  panes  of  glass :  how  many  panes  of  glass  in 
all  the  windows? 

6.  If  a  boat  sail   6   miles  an  hour,  how  far  will  it 
sail  in  9  hours?     In  10  hours? 

7.  What  will  5  sheep  cost,  at  6  dollars  apiece? 

8.  What  will  7  lead-pencils  cost,  at  6  cents  apiece? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


Copy  and  complete  these  tables : 


(1) 

(-) 

(3) 

(*) 

(5) 

6X1  = 

6X3 

3  X  6 

4  +  5 

9  —  3 

6X2  = 

6X2 

2  <6 

6  +  5 

8  —  5 

6X3  = 

6X4  • 

4X6 

7-r5 

9  —  6 

6X4  = 

6X6 

6X6 

3  +  4 

7  —  4 

6X5== 

6X5 

5X6 

8  +  4 

6  —  3 

6X6  = 

6X8 

8X6 

7  +  4 

7  —  6 

6X7  = 

6X7 

7X6 

2  +  6 

8  —  4 

6X8  = 

6X9 

9X6 

5  +  6 

6  —  6 

6X9  = 

6X1 

1X6 

4  +  6 

9  —  5 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 


1.  How  many  pretty  nests  do  you  see?     How  many 
eggs  in  each  nest  ?     How  many  eggs  in  two  nests  ? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


105 


2.  How  many  are  2  times  7  eggs?     3  times  7  eggs? 
4  times  7  eggs  ?     5  times  7  eggs  ? 

3.  Three  times  7  birds  are  how  many  birds?    4 
times  7  birds  ?     5  times  7  birds  ? 

How  many  are  2  times  7  ?     3  times  7  ?     4  times  7  ? 


4.  How  many  bunches  of  cherries  are  here  ?     How 
many  cherries  in  each  bunch?     How  many  cherries 
are  there  in  4  bunches?     How  many  cherries  in  all 
the  bunches? 

5.  How  many  cherries  are  5  times  7  cherries?     7 
times  7  cherries?     6  times  7  cherries? 

6.  Six  times  7  peanuts  are  how  many  ?     7  times  7 
peanuts  arc  how  many  ? 

How  many  are  5  times  7?     6  times  7?     7  times  7? 


7.  This  beautiful  leaf  will  fold  up  like  a  fan.    How 
many  blades  has  it? 

8.  If  a  leaf  has  7  blades,  how  many  blades   do  8 
leaves  have  ?     9  leaves  ?     10  leaves  ? 

9.  How  many  are   8  times   7  trees?     9  times   7 
trees?     10  times  7  trees? 

How  many  are  8  times  7  ?     9  times  7  ?     10  times  7  ? 

10.  How  many  are  3  times  7  men?     4  times   7 
men  ?     6  times  7  men  ?     8  times  7  men  ?     5  times  7 
men  ?     7  times  7  men  ?     9  times  7  men  ?     10  times 
7  men? 


106 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


How 

1 

many 

time 

are 

7?     ... 

7 

2 

times 

7?     ... 

7 

7 

3 

times 

7?    ... 

7 

7 

7 

4 

times 

7?    ... 

7 

/ 

7 

7 

5 

times 

7?     ... 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

6 

times 

7?    .    .  *. 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

times 

7?    ... 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

8 
9 
10 

times 
times 
times 

7?     ... 

7?    .     .    7 

7?    .   7    7 

7    7 
7    7 
7    7 

7 
7 

7 

7 
7 
7 

7 

7 
7 

7 
7 
7 

7 
7 
7 

7 

7 
7 

11. 
times 

How 
7?    8 

many 
times 

are 

7? 

5 

9 

times 
times 

7? 

7? 

3 
10 

times 
times 

7? 

7? 

2 
6 

times 

7? 

4 

times 

7? 

12. 

times 

How 
6?     6 

many 
times 

are 
5? 

3 

7 

times 
times 

7? 
6? 

7 
6 

times 
times 

3? 

7? 

5 

4 

times 

6? 

6 

times 

4? 

13. 

times 

Four  times  5  are 
6?     9  times  4? 

how  many? 
9  times  5? 

4 
9 

times 
times 

4? 

7? 

4 
5 

times 

5? 

5 

times 

7? 

5 

times  6? 

14. 
56? 

How  many 
63?     70? 

7's  in 

14?     21? 

35?    42?     28? 

WRITTEN 

EXERCISES. 

Multiply 
By  ... 

a) 

7 
4 

(2) 

7 
6 

(3) 

7 
3 

(4) 
7 
J> 

(o) 

7 
J 

(6) 
7 
2 

(7) 
7 
9 

(8) 

7 
7 

Multiply 
By  ... 

(l) 
73 
4 

(2) 
75 
3 

(3) 
72 
5 

(4) 

76 
6 

(5) 
74 

8 

(6) 
71 

7 

(7) 

77 
7 

(8) 
70 
7 

Multiply 
By  ... 

(1) 
33 
8 

(2) 
44 
7 

(3) 
55 
6 

(4) 

66 

4 

(5) 
22 
9 

(6) 
77 
3 

(7) 

77 
5 

(8) 
37 
6 

- 

PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC.  107 

3UESSOK    JL3ZKV* 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  There  are  7  days  in  a  week :   how  many  days 
are  there  in  4  weeks? 

2.  Kate  found  3  bird's  nests  one  morn- 
ing, and  each  nest  had  7  eggs  in  it :  how 
many  eggs  did  she  find? 

3.  There  are  5  boys  in  a  grammar  class,  and  each 
boy  has  written   7   sentences :   how  many   sentences 
have  they  all  written? 

4.  If  a  horse  trot  7   miles  an  hour,  how  far  will 
he  trot  in  8  hours? 

5.  Kate  picked  7  quarts  of  cherries,  and  sold  them 
at  7  cents  a  quart:  how  many  cents  did  she  receive? 

6.  Jane  is  7  years  old,  and  her  grandfather  is  10 
times  as  old  as  she  is:  how  old  is  her  grandfather? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 
Copy  and  complete  these  tables : 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

7X1- 

7X3 

3X7 

3  +  7 

10  —  7 

7X2  = 

7X5 

5X7 

5  +  7 

12  —  7 

7X3  = 

7X4 

4X7 

4  +  7 

11  —  7 

7X4  =  . 

7X6 

6X7 

6  +  7 

13  —  7 

7X5  = 

7X8 

8X7 

8  +  7 

15  —  7 

7X6  = 

7X7 

1X7 

1  +  7 

8  —  7 

7X7  = 

7X9 

9X7 

9  +  7 

16  —  7 

7X8  = 

7X2 

2X7 

2  +  7 

9  —  7 

7X9  = 

7X1 

7X7 

7  +  7 

14  —  7 

To  TEACHERS. — Explain  the  sign  of  subtraction  used  in  the 
5th  example,  and  teach  the  pupil  to  read  it  minus,  as  10  minus  7. 


108 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


&.BSSON 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 


1.  How  many  clusters  of  grapes  are  2  times  8  clus- 
ters?    3  times  8  clusters?     4  times  8  clusters? 

2.  How  many  forks  are  2  times  8  forks  ?     3  times 
8  forks?     4  times  8  forks? 

How  many  are  2  times  8?     3  times  8?     4  times  8? 


3.  How  many  fingers  has  one  boy?     2  boys?     4 
boys?     5  boys?     6  boys? 

4.  Five  times  8  nuts  are  how  many  nuts  ?     6  times 
8  nuts?     7  times  8  nuts? 

How  many  are  5  times  8?     6  times  8?    7  times  8? 


5.  Here  is  a  plate  with  8  apples  on  it.     How  many 
apples  are  7  times  8  apples?     8  times  8  apples? 

6.  How  many  are  7  times   8   stars?     7  times  8 
men?     8  times  8  stars?     8  times  8  men? 

7.  How  many  are  9  times  8  apples?     9  times  8 
pears?     10  times  8  apples?     10  times  8  pears? 

8.  How  many  are  6  times  8  ?     7  times  8  ?     8  times 
8?     9  times  8?     10  times  8? 

9.  Five  times  8  stars  are  how  many  stars  ?     4  times 
8  stars  ?     6  times  8  stars  ?     7  times  8  stars  ?     10  times 
8  stars?     3  times  8  stars?     9  times  8  stars ? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


109 


How  many  are 

1  time    8? 8 

2  times  8? 88 

3  times  8? 888 

4  times  8? 8888 

5  times  8? 88888 

6  times  8? 888888 

7  times  8?....       8888888 

8  times  8?...      88888888 

9  times  8?.    .888888888 
10  times  8?.    8888888888 

10.  How  many  are   3  times  8?     5  times  8?     6 
times  8?     7  times  8?     10  times  8?     9  times  8?     4 
times  8?     2  times  8? 

11.  How   many  are  4  times  8?     8  times  4?     6 
times  8?     8  times  6?     7  times  8?     8  times  7? 

12.  Five  times  8  are  how  many?     8  times  5?     7 
times  8?     8  times  7?     5  times  9?     9  times  5?     6 
times  8?     8  times  6? 

13.  How  many  8's  in  16?     24?     40?     64?     48? 
32?     72?     80? 


(l) 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(2)          (3)          (4)           (5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

Multiply 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

By  ... 

4 

3 

5 

2 

J7 

8 

9 

6 

(1) 

(?) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(S) 

'     Multiply 

4 

3 

5 

2 

7 

8 

9 

6 

.    By   ... 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(0) 

Multiply 

82 

81 

83 

84 

86 

87 

By  ... 

J> 

J5 

_4 

3 

1 

2 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

Multiply 

24' 

26 

43 

36 

33 

25 

By  ... 

11 

12 

13 

15 

14 

16 

110 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


JL.JSSSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  A  railroad  car  has  8  wheels :  how  many  wheels 
has  a  train  of  5  cars  ? 

2.  There  are  8  furlongs  in  a  mile :  how  many  fur- 
longs are  there  in  6  miles? 

3.  There  are  4  rows  of  desks  in  a  school-room,  and 
8  desks  in  each  row :  how  many  desks  in  all? 

4.  If  a  cow  give   8   quarts 
of  milk    in    one    day,     how 
many  quarts  will  she  give  in 
6  days? 

5.  There  are  8  quarts  in  a 
peck :    how  many  quarts  are 
there  in  9  pecks?    10  pecks? 

6.  What  will  9  vests  cost,  at  8  dollars  apiece? 

7.  What  will  7  clusters  of  grapes  cost,  at  8  cents 
a  cluster? 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 
Copy  and  complete  these  tables : 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(3) 

8X1=- 

8X6  ' 

6X8 

6  +  8 

14  —  8 

8X2  = 

8X4 

4X8 

4  +  8 

10  —  S 

8X3  = 

8X2 

2X8 

2  +  8 

12  —  S 

8X4  = 

8X1 

1X8 

3  +  8 

13  —  G 

8X5  = 

8X3 

3X8 

5  +  8 

15  —  9 

8X6  = 

8X5 

5X8 

7  +  8 

16  —  8 

8X7  = 

8X7 

7X8 

9  +  8 

17  —  9 

8X8  = 

8X9 

9X-8 

8  +  8* 

18  —  9 

•8X9- 

8X8 

8X8 

1+8 

14  —  7 

PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


Ill 


USS80N 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 


1.  How  many  pine-apples  are  once  9  pine-apples? 
Twice  9  pine-apples?     3  times  9  pine-apples? 

2.  Jane  picked  9  pinks,  and  Kate  2  times  as  many : 
how  many  pinks  did  Kate  pick? 

How  many  are  2  times  9?     3  times  9? 


3.  Samuel  has  3  book-shelves,  and  9  books  on  each 
shelf:  how  many  books  has  he? 

4.  How  many  books  are  3  times  9  books?     4  times 
9  books?     5  times  9  books?     6  times  9  books? 

5.  Four  times  9  cents   are  how  many  cents?     5 
times  9  cents?     6  times  9  cents? 

How  many  are  4  times  9  ?     5  times  0  ?     6  times  9  ? 

H 


6.  Here  are   8  banana   trees.     What   long   leaves 
they  have!     How  many  leaves  are  on  each  tree? 

7.  How   many   leaves   are   7  times   9   leaves?     8 
times  9  leaves  ?     9  times  9  leaves  ? 

8.  A  fruit  dealer  bought  10  bunches  of  bananas, 
with  9  bananas  in  each  bunch:  how  many  bananas 
did  he  buy? 


112  PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 

9.  How  many  are  6  times  9  ?     7  times  9  ?     8  times 
9?     9  times  9?     10  times  9? 

10.  Three  times  9  caps  are  how  many  caps?     5 
times  9  caps?     7  times  9  caps?     9  times  9  caps?     8 
times  9  caps?     6  times  9  caps?     4  times  9  caps? 

How  tnany  are 

1  time    9? 9 

2  times  9? 99 

3  times  9? 999 

4  times  9? 9099 

5  times  9? 99999 

6  times  9? 999999 

7  times  9? 9999999 

8  times  9?...     99999999 

9  times  9?.     .999999999 
10  times  9?.   9999999999 

11.  How  many  are  3  times  9?    5  times  9?    2  times 
9?     8  times  9?     6  times  9?     4  times  9?     10  times 
9?     7  times  9?     9  times  9? 

12.  How  many  are  4  times  9  ?    9  times  4?    6  times 
9?     9  times  6?     5  times  9?     9  times  5?     7  times  9? 
9  times  7?     8  times  9?     9  times  8? 

13.  Six  times  7  are  how  many?     6  times  8?     7 
times  8?     8  times  9?     8  times  4?     6  times  6?     6 
times  9?     9  times  9? 

14.  How  many  9's  in  18?     27?    45?     54?     36? 
63?     72?     90?     81? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (6)  (7)  (8)  (9) 
Multiply  9  9  9999999 
By..  .3  5  4127686 


PRIMARY 

ARITHMETIC. 

(1) 

(2)          (3) 

(4) 

(5)       (6) 

(7) 

Multiply 

5 

4          3 

6 

7        2 

8 

By  ... 

9 

_9          9 

9 

9        9 

9 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

Multiply 

92 

93 

95 

94 

96 

By  ... 

7 

8 

6 

5 

J 

(l) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

Multiply 

91 

93 

92 

94 

96 

By  .   /. 

17 

16 

15 

14 

13 

113 

(8)        (9) 

9         6 

_9      _9 

(6) 
97 
_4 

(6) 
95 
12 


USSSON 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Henry  has  copied  3  columns  of  figures  on  his 
slate,  and  each  column  contains  9  figures :  how  many 
figures  has  he  copied  in  all? 

2.  A  hunter  shot  9  quails,  and 
saw  4  times  as  many  as  he  shot: 
how  many  quails  did  he  see  ? 

3.  How  many  melons  in  6  baskets, 
if  each  basket  contain  9  melons  ? 

4.  If  a  window  has  9  panes  of  glass,  how  many 
panes  are  there  in  7  windows? 

5.  If  one  copy-book  contain  9  sheets  of  paper,  how 
many  sheets  will  it  take  to  make  10  copy-books? 

6.  A  cow  gives  9  quarts  of  milk  a  day :  how  many 
quarts  of  milk  will  she  give  in  8  days  ? 

7.  What  will  5  hogs  cost,  at  9  dollars  apiece? 

8.  What  will  9  combs  cost,  at  9  cents  apiece? 

9.  What  will  be  the  cost  of  8  yards  of  muslin,  at 
9  cents  a  yard? 

P.  A.  8. 


114 


PRIMARY    ARITHMKTIG. 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


Copy  and  complete  these  tables: 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(-5) 

9X1  = 

9X3 

3X9 

3  +  9 

12  —  9 

9X2  = 

9X5 

5X9 

5  +  9 

14  —  9 

9X3  = 

9X7 

7X9 

7  +  9 

16  —  9 

9X4  = 

9X9 

9X9 

9  +  9 

18  —  9 

9X5- 

9X1 

1-X9 

1  +  9 

17  —  9 

9X6- 

9X2 

2X9 

2  +  9 

16  —  9 

9X7- 

9X6 

4X9 

4  +  9 

13  —  9 

9X8- 

9X8 

6X9 

6  +  9 

15  —  9 

9X9  = 

9X4 

.  8X9 

8  +  9 

11  —  9 

3L.BSSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISKS. 


1.  How  many  pears  are  2  times  10  pears?     3  times 
10  pears?     4  times  10  pears?     5  times  10  pears? 

2.  How  many  cents  are  3  times  10  cents  ?     5  times 
10  cents?     4  times  10  cents?     2  times  10  cents? 

3.  How  many  are  2  times  10?     3  times  10?     4 
times  10?     5  times  10? 


4.  How  many  are  6  times  10  shells?     7  times  10 
shells?     8  times  10  shells?     9  times  10  shells?     10 
times  10  shells?     5  times  10  shells? 

5.  Six  times  10  nuts  are  how  many  nuts  ?     8  times 


PRIMARY   ARITHMKTIG. 


115 


10  nuts?     7  times  10  nuts?     9  times  10  nuts?     10 
times  10  nuts?     5  times  10  nuts? 

6.  How  many  are  6  times  10?     8  times  10?     9 
times  10?     10  times  10? 


How  many  are 

1  time    10? 

2  times  10? 

3  times  10? 

4  times  10? 

5  times  10? 

6  times  10? 

7  times  10? 

8  times  10? 

9  times  10? 
10  times  10? 


How  many  are, 
10  times     1? 
10  times     2? 
10  times 
10  times 
10  times 
10  times 
10  times 
10  times 
10  times 


3? 
4? 
5? 
6? 
7? 
8? 
9? 


10  times  10? 


7.  How  many  are  3  times  10?  6  times  10?  5 
times  10?  8  times  10?  7  times  10?  4  times  10? 
9  times  10?  10  times  10? 


Multiply 
By  ... 


(1) 
25 

22 


(1) 

Multiply    22 
By  .       .23 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

33 

14 

17 

22 

22 

33 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

25 

34 

44 

33 

15 

13 

(5) 
20 
34 

(5) 
18 
18 


(6) 
15 
25 

(6) 
17 
17 


3L.BSSOH 

REVIEW. 

1.  How  many  are  2  times  5?     3  times  2?     3  times 
4?     2  times  7?     4  times  5? 

2.  How  many  are  3  times  8  ?     6  times  5  ?     3  times 
10?     7  times  4?     6  times  4?     7  times  5? 


116  PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 

3.  How  many  are  5  times  6?     4  times  7?     7  times 
6?     5  times  4?     8  times  6?     8  times  7?     7  times  2? 
6  times  9?     9  times  6? 

4.  How  many  are  5  times  7?    6  times  8?    10  times 

6  ?    7  times  9  ?    5  times  8  ?    6  times  7  ?     10  times  7  ? 

5  times  9?     8  times  9? 

5.  How  many  are  3  times  7?     7  times  4?     9  times 
3?     6  times  5?     8  times  2?     7  times  5?     6  times  7? 

7  times  8?     8  times  7?     5  times  7? 

6.  How  many  are  4  times  6?     6  times  9?     9  times 
7?     8  times  5?     7  times  3?     9  times  8? 

7.  How  many  are  2  times  6?     8  times  7?     7  times 

6  ?    9  times  9  ?     7  times  9  ?    10  times  5  ?    8  times  8  ? 

7  times  10?     8  times  9? 

8.  How  many  are  2  times  2?     3  times  2?     4  times 
2?     3  times  3?     5  times  2?     4  times  3?     7  times  2? 
5  times  3?     4  times  4?     9  times  2? 

9.  How  many  are  8  times  4?     3  times  7?     8  times 
3?    5  times  3?    9  times  3?    7  times  4?    10  times  4? 

8  times  4?     6  times  4? 

10.  How  many  are  5  times  5  ?    9  times  4?    4  times 
10  ?     7  times  6  ?     9  times  5  ?     8  times  6  ? 

11.  How  many  are  7  times  7?     10  times  5?     9 
times  6?     4  times  5?     8  times  7?     5  times  9?     9 
times  7?     8  times  8? 

12.  How   many  are  4  times  7?     9  times  8?     8 
times   9?     9   times   7?     7  times  9?     9   times   10? 
10  times  9?     10  times  10? 

13.  How  many  are  5  times   8?     7  times   8?     9 
times  8?     8  times  8?     6  times  8? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC.  117 


UBSSOH 

REVIEW. 

I.  An  ox  has  2  horns:  how  many  horns  have  5 
oxen?     How  many  have  3  oxen?     6  oxen? 

2.  A  bird  has  2  wings  :  how 
many   wings   have    6   birds? 
8  birds?     10  birds? 

3.  There  are  3  seats  in  a 
stage-coach,   and   3   men   are 
sitting    on    each    seat  :     how 
many  men  in  the  coach? 

4.  There  are  3  feet  in  a  yard:  how  many  feet  are 
there  in  10  yards? 

5.  How  many  cherries,  in  8  bunches,  if  each  bunch 
has  3  cherries? 

6.  If  John  read  4  chapters  a  day,  how  many  chap- 
ters will  he  read  in  7  days? 

7.  If  you  give  4  marbles  to  each  of  8  boys,  how 
many  marbles  will  you  give  to  all? 

8.  An  orchard  contains  4  rows  of  trees,  and  each 
row  has  8  trees  :  how  many  trees  in  the  orchard  ? 

9.  Edward  attends  school  5  days  each  week:  how 
many  days  will  he  attend  school  in  6  weeks? 

10.  A  stranger  gave   7   boys   5  cents  each:   how 
many  cents  did  he  give  to  all? 

II.  A  house  has  7  windows,  and  each  window  has 
8  panes  of  glass  :   how  many  panes  of  glass  in  the 
house  ? 


118  PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 

12.  Frank  has  6  rows  of  blocks,  and  each  row  con- 
tains 7  blocks:  how  many  blocks  has  he? 

13.  What  will  2  bunches  of  grapes 
cost,  at  8  cents  a  bunch  ?    4  bunches  ? 
6  bunches?     3  bunches? 

14.  Joseph  writes  10  lines  each 
day:  how  many  lines  will  he  write 

in  6  days?     In  5  days?     In  7  days? 

15.  What  will  10  slates  cost,  at  8  cents  apiece? 

16.  If  a  man  work  8   hours  a  day,  how  many  hours 
will  he  work  in  6  days? 

17.  There  are  10  lines  on  a  page  of  Ellen's  primer, 
and  each  line  contains  9  words :  how  many  words  on 
the  page? 

18.  If  it  take  9   steps  to  cross  a  room  once,  how 
many  steps  will  it  take  to  cross  the  room  9  times? 

19.  A  railway  train  runs  10  miles  an  hour:  how 
many  miles  will  it  run  in  9  hours? 

20.  An  orchard  contains  10  rows  of  trees,  and  each 
row  contains  7  trees :  how  many  trees  in  the  orchard  ? 

21.  What  will  8  loads  of  wood  cost,  at  5  dollars  a 
load?     At  3  dollars  a  load? 

22.  If  a  man  earn   9    dollars  a  week,  how  many 
dollars  will  he  earn  in  7  weeks? 

Multiplication  is  the  process  of  taking  a  number 
one  or  more  times. 

The  result  obtained  by  multiplying  one  number  by 
another  is  called  the  Product. 


PRIMARY    ARITHMKTIC.  119 

UBSSOH 

EEVIEW. 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

8 

18 

7 

17 

24 

16 

16 

18 

7 

7 

6 

6 

3 

5 

6 

9 

(9) 

(10) 

(ll) 

(12) 

(13) 

(14) 

(15) 

(16) 

27 

36 

47 

38 

45 

34 

56 

27 

4 

5 

3 

6 

8 

9 

7 

8 

(17) 

(18) 

(19) 

(20) 

(21) 

(22) 

m 

(24) 

24 

33 

43 

50 

60 

30 

70 

50 

12 

13 

15 

16 

14 

28 

17 

18 

t 

(25) 

(26) 

(27) 

(28) 

(29) 

(30) 

(31) 

(32) 

23 

36 

44 

27 

36 

44 

55 

28 

23 

27 

21 

27 

25 

23 

17 

33 

(33) 

(34) 

(35) 

(36) 

(37) 

(38) 

(39) 

(40) 

205 

304 

107 

109 

106 

108 

103 

108 

3 

2 

6 

8 

5 

4 

7 

9 

(41) 

(42) 

(43) 

(44) 

(45) 

(46) 

(47) 

21 

24 

15 

27 

16 

17 

24 

30 

40 

50 

20 

_60 

40 

30 

(48) 

(49) 

(50) 

(51) 

(52) 

(53) 

(54) 

30 

40 

50 

17 

14 

19 

18 

30 

20 

10 

50 

70 

50 

40 

(55) 

(56) 

(57) 

(58) 

(59) 

(60) 

(61) 

25 

33 

44 

28 

17 

16 

13 

20 

30 

20 

30 

50 

60 

70 

120 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


DIVISION. 

USSSOSf 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Here  is  a  gay  winter  scene.     How  many  sleighs 
are  in  sight?     How  many  times  1  sleigh  are  2  sleighs? 

2.  How  many  boys  are  putting  on  their  skates  ?     How 
many  times  1  boy  are  4  boys? 

3.  How  many  boys   are  coasting?     How  many  times 
1  boy  are  7  boys? 

4.  How  many  times  is  1  sled  contained  in  4  sleds? 
1  sled  in  6  sleds?     1  sled  in  7  sleds? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


121 


5.  How  many  times  is  1  skate  contained  in  8  skates  ? 
1  skate  in  9  skates? 

6.  How  many  times  is  1  contained  in  2?     1  in  4? 
1  in  6  ?     1  in  8  ?     1  in  7  ?     1  in  9  ?     1  in  10? 


Sow  tnatty   times 

1  are  1? 

1  are  2? 

1  are  3? 

1  are  4? 

1  are  5? 

1  are  6? 

1  are  7? 

1  are  8? 

1  are  9? 

1  are  10? 


How  many  times 


1? 

2? 

3? 

4? 

5? 

6? 

7? 

8? 
1  in  9? 
1  in  10  ? 


To  TEACHERS.—  These  two  tables  should  be  recited  together, 
thus  :  Once  Us  1:  1  in  1  once.  Two  times  I  are  2:  1  in  2  two  times. 
Three  times  1  are  3  :  1  in  3  three  timeSj  etc.  The  subsequent  tables 
should  be  recited  in  the  same  manner. 

Division  is  here  treated  as  the  inverse  of  multiplication,  but 
it  may  also  be  derived  from  subtraction.  4  is  contained  in  12 
as  many  times  as  4  can  be  taken  from  12. 

At  this  point  pupils  may  be  taught  the  division  of  a  material 
unit  into  halves,  thirds,  fourths,  etc.  They  may  also  be  taught 
to  add  and  subtract  halves,  thirds,  fourths,  etc.,  and  to  find  the 
fractional  part  of  small  numbers. 


3UBSSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  times   2   horses   are   4  horses?     How 
many  times  2  sleds  are  4  sleds  ? 

2.  How  many  persons  in  each  sleigh?     (See  picture.) 
How  many  times  2  persons  are  6  persons? 

How  many  times  is  2  contained  in  2?     2in4?     2in 
6?     2  in  8? 


122 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


3.  How  many  times  2  blocks  make  10  blocks?  How 
many  times  are  2  blocks  contained  in  10  blocks? 


4.  How  many  times  are  2  marbles  contained  in  10 
marbles?     2  marbles  in  12  marbles? 

How  many  times  is  2  contained  in  10?     2  in  12? 


5.  How    many    times    2   grape-clusters    make   14 
grape-clusters?     16  grape-clusters? 

6.  How  many  times  are  2  clusters  contained  in  14 
clusters?     2  clusters  in  16  clusters? 

How  many  times  is  2  contained  in  14?     2  in  16? 


7.  How  many  times  2  boys  make  18  boys?     How 
many  times  are  2  boys  contained  in  18  boys? 

8.  How  many  times  are  2  men  contained   in   18 
men?     2  men  in  20  men? 

How  many  times  is  2  contained  in  18?     2  in  20? 


How  many  times 

2  are  2? 
2  are  4? 
.  2  are  6? 
2  are  8? 
2  are  10? 
2  are  12? 
2  are  14? 
2  are  16? 
2  are  18? 
2  are  20? 


w  many  times 
2  in     2? 
2  in     4? 

2  in  6? 
2  in  8? 
2  in  10? 
2  in  12? 
2  in  14? 
2  in  16? 
2  in  18? 
2  in  20? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


123 


9.  How  many  times  2   make  4?     6?     10?     14? 
12?     16?     20?     18? 

10.  How  many  times  is  2  contained  in  4?     2  in  6? 
2  in  10?     2  in  8?     2  in  14?     2  in  20? 

11.  How  many  times  is  2  contained  in  12?     2  in 
16?     2  in  14?     2  in  18? 

12.  How  many  times  is  1  contained  in  8?     2  in  8? 
1  in  12?     2  in  12?     1  in  14?     2  in  14? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


1.  Divide  12 by 2, thus:  2)12 

QAns. 

(2)          (3)  (4)          (5)         (6) 

2)8_    2)6_    2)10    2)14    2)16 

(7)         (8)        (9)       (10)       (11) 
2)12     2)18     2)20     2)22     2)24 

(12)        (13)        (14)        (15)        (16) 
2J28    2)42    2)82    2)62    2)44 


Copy  and  complete: 

(i) 

(2) 

2-J-2  = 

2-4-2 

4-v-2  = 

6-4-2 

6-^2  = 

10-^-2 

84-2  = 

14-4-2 

10  -f-  2  = 

18-^-2 

12  -4-  2  = 

8-5-2 

14-4-2  = 

4-4-2 

16  -T-  2^ 

12--  2 

18-*-  2  = 

16  H-  2 

20-i-2  = 

20-^2 

UESSOH 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 


1.  How  many  times   3  pears  make  6  pears?     9 
pears?     12  pears? 

2.  How  many  times  are  3  pears  contained  in  6 
pears?     3  pears  in  9  pears?     3  pears  in  1*2  pears? 

How  many  times  is  3  contained  in  6?     3  in  9? 


124 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


3.  How  many  times   3  oak  leaves  make   15  oak 
leaves?     18  oak  leaves? 


4.  How  many  times  are  3  acorns  contained  in  15 
acorns?     3  acorns  in  18  acorns? 

How  many  times  is  3  contained  in  15?     3  in  18? 

5.  How  many  times   3  nuts   make  21  nuts?     24 
nuts?     27  nuts?     30  nuts? 

6.  How  many  times  are  3  balls  contained   in  21 
balls?     3  balls  in  15  balls?     3  balls  in  27  balls? 
3  balls  in  24  balls? 

7.  How  many  times  are  3  cents  contained  in  24 
cents?     3  cents  in  30  cents?     3  cents  in  27  cents? 
3  cents  in  21  cents? 


0^00 


Hotv  many  titties 
3  are  3? 
3  are  6? 
3  are  9? 
3  are  12? 
3  are  15? 
3  are  18? 
3  are  21? 
3  are  24? 
3  are  27? 
3  are  30? 


Sow  tnany  times 

3  in  3? 
3  in  6? 
3  in  9? 
3  in  12? 
3  in  15? 
3  in  18? 
3  in  21? 
3  in  24? 
3  in  27? 
3  in  30? 


8.  How  many  3's  in  6?    12?    18?    24?    30? 

9.  How  many  times  is  3  contained  in  9?     3  in  15? 
3  in  6?     3  in  12?     3  in  18?     3  in  24?     3  in  27? 
3  in  21?     3  in  30? 

10.  How  many  times  is  2  contained  in  12?     3  in 
12?     2  in  18?     3  in  18?     2  in  16? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


125 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  It  takes  2  boots  to  make  a  pair :   how  many 
pair  of  boots  will  6  boots  make  ? 

2.  Two  ducks  make  a  pair : 
how  many  pair  will  10  ducks 
make  ? 

3.  How  many  peaches  at  2 
cents  each   can  you  buy  for 
20  cents? 

4.  If  John  step  2  feet  at  a 
time,  how  many  steps  must  he  take  to  go  16  feet? 

5.  There  are  3  feet  in  a  yard:   how  many  yards 
are  there  in  18  feet? 

6.  If  a  man  walk   3    miles  an  hour,  how  many 
hours  will  it  take  him  to  walk  27  miles? 

7.  How  many  sheep  at  3  dollars  a  head  can  be 
bought  for  24  dollars? 


tt 


(5) 

3)6_ 

(9) 
3)15 

(13) 
3)66 


(2) 
3)15 

(6) 
3)12 

(10) 

3)27 

(14) 
3)99 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES, 

(3) 
3)21 

(4) 
3)18 

Copy 

(i) 

and 

complete  : 

(2) 

3 

• 

3  = 

6 

-*-3 

CO 

(8) 

6 

_i_ 

3^ 

12 

-:-3 

3)24 

3)30 

9 

_i_ 

o  

18 

-*-3 

12 

_i_ 

0    

9 

-5-3 

(11) 

(12) 

15 

-:- 

0    

15 

-f-3 

3)33 

3)36 

18 
21 

-j- 

3^ 

£= 

21 
30 

.  3 
4-3 

24 

-;- 

3  = 

24 

^-3 

(15) 

(16) 

27 

3  = 

27 

-^-3 

3)63 

3)69             30 

H- 

0     

3 

-f-3 

126  PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


USSSCBS 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  Here  are  8  rabbits  in  2  groups.     8  rabbits  are 
how  many  times  4  rabbits  ? 


2.  How  many  times  are  4  ducks  contained  in  4 
ducks?     4  ducks  in  8  ducks? 

How  many  times  is  4  contained  in  4?     4  in  8? 


3.  How  many  times  4  quails  make  12  quails?     16 
quails?     20  quails? 

4.  How  many  times  are  4  pigeons  contained  in  12 
pigeons?     4  pigeons  in  16  pigeons? 

How  many  times  is  4  contained  in  12?     4  in  16? 


5.  How  many  times  4  keys  are  there  in  20  keys? 
In  24  keys?     In  28  keys? 

How  many  times  is  4  contained  in  20?     4  in  24? 
4  in  28? 

6.  How  many  times  4  boys  make  28  boys?     32 
boys?     36  boys?     40  boys? 

7.  How  many  times  is  4  contained  in  28?     4  in 
32?     4  in  36?     4  in  40? 

8.  How  many  times  are  4  pages  contained  in  8 
pages?     4  pages  in  20  pages?     4  pages  in  16  pages? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


127 


4  pages  in  28  pages  ?     4  pages  in  1 2  pages  ?     4  pages 
in  24  pages  ? 

*-f*-*^*. 


tv  many  times 

4  are  4?      . 
4  are     8  ? 

4  are  12? 

4  are  16? 

4  are  20? 

4  are  24? 

4  are  28? 

4  are  32  ? 

4  are  36? 

4  are  40? 


How  many  times 

4  in  4? 
4  in  8? 
4  in  12? 
4  in  16? 
4  in  20? 
4  in  24? 
4  in  28? 
4  in  32  ? 
4  in  36? 
4  in  40? 


in 
4  in 


^  are  iu  :  i  in  iu  r 

9.  How  many  times  is  4  contained  in  12?     4  i 
16?     4  in  24?     4  in  8?     4  in  20?     4  in  28?     4  i: 
36?     4  in  32? 

10.  How  many  times  2  in  18?    3  in  21?    4  in  40? 
2  in  20?     2  in  14?     3  in  27?     3  in  18?     4  in  16? 
4  in  28?     3  in  24?     3  in  30? 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  If  4  girls  can  sit  on  one  settee,  how  many  settees 
will  be  required  to  seat  12  girls  ? 

2.  A   wagon    has    4  wheels :    how 
many  wagons  will  16  wheels  furnish? 


3.  Four  quarts  make  a  gallon:  how  many  gallons 
are  there  in  32  quarts? 

4.  At  4  cents  apiece,  how  many  lemons  can  you 
buy  for  40  cents?     32  cents? 

5.  If  a  load  of  wood  cost   4    dollars,  how  many 
loads  can  be  bought  for  12  dollars? 


128 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


6.  If  there  be  4    trees  in  a  row,  how  many  rows 
will  36  trees  make? 

7.  If  a  man  can  build  4  rods  of  fence  in  a  day,  how 
long  will  it  take  him  to  build  40  rods  of  fence  ? 

8.  There  are  4  pecks  in  a  bushel :  how  many  bush- 
els are  there  in  20  pecks  ? 


4)12 

(5) 

4)8_ 

(9) 

2)44 

(13) 
3)36 


(2) 

4)20 

(6) 

4)28 

(10) 
2)66 


3)66 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(3) 
4)16 

(4) 
4)24 

Copy  and 

(i) 

complete  : 

(2) 

4-^-4 

8-^4 

(7) 

(8) 

8^-4 

12  --3 

4)36 

4)32 

12-^4 

18  4-2 

16-^4 

20  --4 

(11) 

(12) 

20^-4 

24  --3 

2)88 

2)22 

24  --4 

28  --4 

28-4-4 
36-f-4 

32  -4-  4 

21-^-3 

(15) 

(16) 

36-4-4 

40-4-4 

3)99 

3)39 

40^-4 

20-4-2 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 


1.  How  many  groups  of  5  tops  each  will  10  tops 
make?     15  tops? 


2.  Harry  has  15  blocks:  how  many  rows  of  5 
blocks  in  each  will  they  make? 

How  many  times  is  5  contained  in  5?  5  in  10? 
5  in  15? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMKTIG. 


129 


3.  Charles  has  25  marbles:  how  many  groups  of 
5  marbles  each  will  they  make? 

*£>  JQ  *j£)  J©  *£)  JQ  *£>  jQ  ^-^  jQ 


4.  How  many  times  are  5  marbles  contained  in  25 
marbles?     5  marbles  in  30  marbles? 

How  many  times  is  5  contained  in  25?     5  in  CO? 


5.  A  violet  has  5  leaves  or  petals :  how  many  vio- 
lets will  together  have  35  petals  ?     40  petals  ? 

6.  How  many  times  are  5  pinks  contained  in  35 
pinks?     5  pinks  in  40  pinks?     5  pinks  in  45  pinks? 
5  pinks  in  50  pinks? 

How  many  times  is  5  contained  in  35?     5  in  40? 

7.  How  many  times  are  5  cents  contained  in  20 
cents  ?     5  cents  in  30  cents  ?     5  cents  in  25  cents  ? 
5  cents  in  35  cents?     5  cents  in  45  cents? 


Hotv  many  times 
5  are  5? 
5  are  10? 
5  are  15? 
5  are  20? 
5  are  25? 
5  are  30? 
5  are  35? 
5  are  40? 
5  are  45? 
5  are  50? 


How  many  times 
5  in  5? 
5  in  10? 
5  in  15? 
5  in  20? 
.5  in  25? 
5  in  30? 
5  in  35? 
5  in  40? 
5  in  45? 
5  in  50? 


8.  How  many  5's  in  20?   30?   50?   45?   35?   25? 

9.  How  many  times  is  5  contained  in  15?    5  in  25? 
5  in  35?     5  in  40?     5  in  50?     5  in  45?     5  in  20? 

P.  A.  9. 


130 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


3UESSOK 

ORAI  EXERCISES. 

1.  Charles  has  30  blocks:    how  many  groups  of  5 
blocks  each  can  he  make  from  them? 

2.  If  a  squirrel  eat   5    chestnuts  a  day,  how  many 
days  will  40  chestnuts  last  it? 

3.  If  a  boat  sail  5  miles  an  hour,  how  many  hours 
will  it  take  to  sail  50  miles? 

4.  Edward  goes  to  school  5  days  each  week :   in 
how  many  weeks  will  he  attend  school  35  days? 

5.  How   many   oranges  at   5  cents  apiece  can  be 
bought  for  45  cents? 

6.  How  many  hours  will  it  take  a  horse  to  travel 
25  miles,  if  he  travel  5   miles  an  hour? 

7.  At   5  cents  apiece,  how  many  pencils  can  be 
bought  for  35  cents? 

8.  How  many  times  can  you  take  5  from  20?     4 
from  32?     3  from  18?     4  from  28?     5  from  35? 


(i) 
5)15 

(5) 
5)10 

(9) 

4)44 

(13) 
5)55 


(2) 

5)25 

(6) 
5)35 

(10) 
4)88 


5)50 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(3) 
5)30 

(4) 
5)45 

Copy  and 

complete  : 

— 

~~ 

(i) 

(2) 

5- 

-5 

50-^-5 

(7) 

(8) 

10- 

-5 

35  --5 

5)40 

5)50 

15- 

-5 

25  --5 

20- 

-5 

40  --5 

(11) 

(12) 

25- 

-5 

36^-4 

3)63 

3)69 

30- 
35- 

-5 
-5 

27^-3 
32  -f-  4 

40- 

-5 

21  --3 

(15) 

(16) 

45- 

-5 

24  -=-4 

4)48 

3)96 

50- 

-5 

20^-5 

PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


131 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  times  6  bunches  of  cherries  make 
12  bunches?     18  bunches? 


2.  How  many  times  are  6  plums  contained  in  12 
plums  ?    6  plums  in  18  plums  ?    6  plums  in  24  plums  ? 

How  many  times  6  in  12?     6  in  18?     6  in  24? 

3.  Here  are  30  books :  how  many  shelves  holding 
6  books  each,  will  they  fill? 


4.  How  many  times  6  books  make  30  books  ?     36 
books?     42  books? 

5.  How  many  times  6  sheets  of  paper  in  30  sheets  ? 
6  sheets  in  36  sheets?     6  sheets  in  42  sheets? 

How  many  times  6  in  30?     6  in  36?     6  in  42? 


6.  Lucy  has  48  spools :  how  many  piles  will  they 
make  if  she  put  6   spools  in  each  pile  ? 

7.  How  many  times  6   spools   in  48  spools?      6 
spools  in  54  spools?    6  spools  in  60  spools? 

How  many  times  6  in  48?     6  in  54?     6  in  60? 

8.  How  many  times  are  6  dimes  contained  in  18 
dimes?    6  dimes  in  30  dimes?     6  dimes  in  42  dimes? 
6  dimes  in  54  dimes?     6  dimes  in  48  dimes? 


132 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


JETotv  many  times 
6  are  6? 
6  are  12? 
6  are  18? 
6  are  24? 
6  are  30? 
6  are  36? 
6  are  42? 
6  are  48? 
6  are  54? 
6  are  60? 


How  many  tunes 

6  in  6? 
6  in  12? 
6  in  18? 
6  in  24? 
6  in  30? 
6  in  36? 
6  in  42? 
6  in  48? 
6  in  54? 
6  in  60? 


9.  How  many  times  6  are  12?    30?    42?    54?    36? 

10.  How  many  times  is  6  contained  in  30?     6  in 
24?     6  in  42?     6  in  54?     6  in  60?     6  in  48? 

11.  How  many  times  is  4  contained  in  24?     3  in 
24?    6  in  24?    5  in  30?    6  in  30?    4  in  36? 


usssoxt 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  If  a  column  contain   6    words,  how  many  col- 
umns will  contain  12  words? 

2.  If  a  cart  have  6  stakes, 
how  many  carts  will  18  stakes 
supply  ? 

3.  If  a  window   contain   6 
panes  of  glass,  how  many  win- 
dows will   contain  30  panes 
of  glass  ? 

4.  An  orchard  contains  48  trees,  and  has  6  trees  in 
each  row :  how  many  rows  of  trees  in  the  orchard  ? 

5.  At  6  cents  apiece,  how  many  lead-pencils  can 
be  bought  for  42  cents? 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 


133 


6.  Joseph  writes  6  lines  a  day :   how  many  days 
will  it  take  him  to  write  60  lines  ? 

7.  A  farmer  bought  48  young  peach  trees :   how 
many  rows  will  they  make  if  he  set  6  trees  in  a  row? 

8.  How  many  sheep,  at  6  dollars  a  head,  can  be 
bought  for  54  dollars? 

9.  How  many 'times  can  you  take  5  from  25?     4 
from  24?     3  from  18?     6  from  18? 


(1) 

6)12 

(5) 
6)54 

(0) 

4)48 

(13) 

6)72 


(2) 
6)24 

(6) 
6)66 

(10) 

4)84 

(14) 

6)84 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(3) 
6)36 

(4) 
6)48 

Copy  and 

complete  : 

— 

(!) 

(2) 

6  —  6 

54  --6 

(7) 

(8) 

12- 

-6 

42-4-6 

6)90 

6)60 

18- 

-6 

45  --5 

24- 

-6 

36^-4 

(11) 

(12) 

30- 

-6 

50  -T-  5 

4)88 

3)69 

36- 
42- 

-6 
-6 

35-i-5 

27-^-3 

48- 

-6 

24  -f-  4 

(15) 

(16) 

54- 

-6 

32---4 

6)96 

6)78 

60- 

-6 

30-4-5 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 


1.  If  each    nest    contain  7  eggs,   how   many  nests 
will  contain  14  eggs?     21  eggs? 

2.  How  many  times  are  7  nuts  contained  in  14 
nuts?     7  nuts  in  21  nuts?     7  nuts  in  28  nuts? 

How  many  times  7  in  14?     7  in  21?     7  in  28? 


134 


PRIMARY    ARITHMKTIC. 


3.  This  pretty  leaf  has  7  points.     How  many  times 
7  points  make  35  points?     42  points? 


4.  How  many  times  are  7  leaves  contained  in  35 
leaves?     7  leaves  in  42  leaves? 

How  many  times  is  7  contained  in  35?     7  in  42? 

5.  Charles  has  49  cherries,  and  he  wishes  to  put 
them  up  in  bunches  of  7  cherries  each  to  sell :  how 
many  bunches  will  they  make? 


6.  How  many  times  are  7  cherries  contained  in  49 
cherries?     7  cherries  in  56  cherries?     7  cherries  in 
63  cherries?     7  cherries  in  70  cherries? 

7.  How  many  times  is  7  contained  in  49?     7  in 
^56?     7  in  63?     7  in  70? 


JETotr  many  times 

How  many  times 

7  are     7? 

7  in    7? 

7  are  14? 

7  in  14? 

7  are  21? 

7  in  21? 

7  are  28? 

7  in  28? 

7  are  35? 

7  in  35? 

7  are  42? 

7  in  42? 

7  are  49? 

7  in  49? 

7  are  56? 

7  in  56? 

7  are  63? 

7  in  63? 

7  are  70? 

7  in  70? 

8.  How  many  times  7  are  14?     28?     42?     56? 
49?     70? 

9.  How  many  times  is  7  contained  in  21? 
35?     7  in  56?     7  in  28?     7  in  63?     7  in  14? 


n 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


135 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  bunches  of  7  cherries  each  will  14 
cherries  make? 

2.  How  many  quarts  of  milk,  at  7  cents  a  quart,  can 
be  bought  for  21  cents  ? 

3.  There  are  7  days  in  one  week  :  how  many  weeks 
are  there  in  28  days? 

4.  A  horse  travels  7  miles  an  hour:   how  many 
hours  will  it  take  him  to  travel  42  miles? 

5.  Frank  has  35  blocks  :  how  many  rows  will  they 
make  if  he  place  7  blocks  in  each  row  ? 

6.  At   7  cents  apiece,  how  many   melons   can  be 
bought  for  42  cents  ? 

7.  If  7  words  make  a  line,  how  many  lines  will  70 
words  make?     77  words? 

8.  How  many  settees  will  seat  49  boys,  if  each 
settee  seat  7   boys? 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

(1) 
7)28 

(2) 
7)42 

(3) 

7)56 

(4) 

7)63 

Copy  and 

(i) 

complete  : 

7-^7 

36  -5-6 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

14-^-7 

48-5-8 

7)84 

7)77 

7)91 

7)98 

35  -v-  7 

42  -r-  6 

42  -r-  7 

45-^5 

(0) 

(10) 

(11) 

(12) 

28  -H7 

28-^-4 

7)147 

7)217 

7)357 

7)497 

21  -r-7 

49  -f-  7 

30-^-6 
40  -f-  5 

6S   •    7 

27  -f-  3 

(13) 

(14) 

(15) 

(16) 

56  4-  7 

36-^-4 

7)154 

7)161 

7)175 

7)182 

70-^-7 

54  -f-  6 

136 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  How  many  times  8  fingers  make  16  fingers? 
24  fingers?     32  fingers?     40  fingers? 


2.  How  many  times  are  8  trees  contained  in  16 
trees?     8  trees  in  24  trees?     8  trees  in  32  trees? 

3.  How  many  times  is  8  contained  in  16?     8  in 
24?     8  in  32?     8  in  40? 


4.  Here  arc  48  'apples :  Low  many  plates  will  they 
fill  if  each  plate  hold  8   apples? 

5.  How  many  times  8  apples  in  48  apples?     In  56 
apples?     64  apples?     72  apples?     80  apples? 


Holt'  many  times 

8  are  8? 
8  are  16? 
8  are  24? 
8  are  32? 
8  are  40? 
8  are  48? 
8  are  56? 
8  are  64? 
8  are  72? 
8  are  80? 


How  many  times 

8  in  8? 
8  in  16  ? 
8  in  24? 
8  in  32  ? 
8  in  40  ? 
8  in  48  ? 
8  in  56? 
8  in  64? 
8  in  72? 
8  in  80? 


6.  How  many  times  8  are  16?     32?     48?     56? 
40?     64?     80?     72? 

7.  How  many  times  8  in  24?     8  in  16?     8  in  32? 
8  in  40?     8  in" 56?     8  in  72?     8  in  64? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC.  137 


ORAL  EXERCISES. 

1.  If  8  panes  of  glass  will  fill  one  window,  how 
many  windows  will  24  panes  fill? 

2.  If  a  railroad  car  has  8  wheels,  how  many  cars 
will  40  wheels  supply? 

3.  If  a  horse  travel  8   miles  an  hour,  in  how  many 
hours  will  it  travel  56  miles? 

4.  How  many  days  will  it  take  a  man  to  work  48 
hours,  if  he  work  8   hours  a  day  ? 

5.  At   8   cents   apiece,   how   many   slates    can    be 
bought  for  80  cents? 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(1) 

8)24 

(2)                (3)               (4)               (5)               (6) 
8)40         8)64         8)72         8)88        8)96 

(7) 

8)192 

(8) 
8)120 

(9) 
8)168 

(10) 
8)248 

(11) 
8)208 

(12) 

8)272 

(13) 

8)264 

(14) 
7)147 

(15) 

7)154 

(16) 

7)112 

(17) 
7)301 

(18) 

7)245 

(19) 

7)252 

3UBSSOH 

•ORAL  EXERCISES. 


1.  How  many  times  9  crowns  make  18  crowns? 
27  crowns?     36  crowns?     45  crowns? 

How  many  times  is  9  contained  in  27?     9  in  45? 


138 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


2.  Harry  has  gathered  54  acorns :  how  many  piles 
of  9  acorns  each  will  they  make  ? 


3.  How  many  palm  trees  will  bear  72  leaves,  if 
each  tree  bear  9    leaves? 

4.  How  many  times  are  9  nuts  contained  in   63 
nuts?     9  nuts  in  72  nuts?     9  nuts  in  81  nuts? 


How  many  times 

How  many  times 

9  are     9? 

9  in     9? 

9  are  18? 

9  in  18? 

9  are  27? 

9  in  27? 

9  are  36? 

9  in  36? 

9  are  45? 

9  in  45? 

9  are  54? 

9  in  54? 

9  are  63? 

9  in  63? 

9  are  72? 

9  in  72? 

9  are  81? 

9  in  81? 

9  are  90? 

9  in  90? 

y  are  y\)  i  v  m  vv  i 

5.  How  many  times  9  are  18?     36?     27?     72? 

19      K49      4K9      SI  9 


63?     54?    45?     81? 


6.  How  many  times  is  9  contained  in  27? 

45?     9  in  81?     9  in  36?     9  in  54?     9  in  63? 

How  many  times 

How  many  times 

10  are     10? 

10  in     10? 

10  are     20? 

10  in     20? 

10  are     30? 

10  in     30? 

10  are    40? 

.      10  in     40? 

10  are     50? 

N    10  in     50? 

10  are     60? 

10  in     60? 

10  are     70? 

10  in     70? 

10  are     80? 

10  in     80? 

10  are    90? 

10  in     90? 

10  are  100? 

10  in  100? 

n 


7.  How  many  times  is  10  contained  in  70?     10  in 
50?     10  in  80?     10  in  60?     10  in  90? 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


139 


ORAL  EXERCISES, 

1.  If  a  copy-book  contain  9   sheets  of  paper,  how 
many  copy-books  will  27  sheets  of  paper  make? 

2.  If  9  words  fill  a  line,  how  many  lines  will  45 
words  fill?     36  words? 

3.  If  a  train  of  cars  run  9  miles  an  hour,  in  how 
many  hours  will  it  run  90  miles? 

4.  If  9  melons  fill  a  basket,  how  many  baskets  will 
63  melons  fill? 

5.  If  a  pupil  write  9   lines  a  day,  how  many  days 
will  it  take  him  to  write  54  lines  ? 


WRITTEN 

EXERCISES. 

(1) 
9)54 

(2)               (3)               (4)               (5) 
9)72         9)81         9)45        9)90 

(6) 
9)108 

(7) 

9)117 

(8) 
9)180 

(9) 
9)288 

(10) 

9)225 

(11) 
9)396 

(12) 

9)549 

(13) 
10)70 

(14) 
10)90 

(15) 
10)60 

(16) 
10)200 

(17) 

10)500 

(18) 
10)400 

(19) 
10)250 

(20) 
10)360 

(21) 
10)480 

(22) 
10)570 

(23) 
10)430 

(24) 
10)270 

3UESSOH 

EEVIEW. 

1.  There  are  3  feet  in  a  yard:  how  many  yards  are 
there  in  30  feet? 

2.  If  Mary  read  4    chapters  a  day,  in  how  many 
days  will  she  read  32  chapters? 


140  PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC. 

3.  There  are  7  days  in  a  week :  how  many  weeks 
are  there  in  70  days? 

4.  Willis  picked  72  cherries,  and  tied  them  .up  in 
bunches  of  8  cherries  each :  how  many  bunches  did 
they  make? 

5.  There  are  8  quarts  in  a  peck :  how  many  pecks 
are  there  in  56  quarts  ? 

6.  At  9  cents  a  bushel,  how  many  bushels  of  coal 
can  be  bought  for  90  cents  ? 

7.  If  a  steamer  sail  9    miles  an  hour,  how  long 
will  it  be  in  sailing  63  miles? 

8.  At  10  dollars  a  barrel,  how  many  barrels  of 
flour  can  be  bought  for  70  dollars  ? 

Division  is  the  process  of  finding  how  many  times 
one  number  is  contained  in  another. 

The  result  obtained  by  dividing  one  number  by 
another  is  called  the  Quotient. 


WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(1) 

2)118 

(2) 

2)676 

(3) 
3)588 

(4) 
3)231 

(5) 
4)872 

(6) 

4)804 

(7) 

5)450 

(8) 
5)665 

(9) 

5)725 

(10) 
6)174 

(ii) 
6)906 

(12) 

6)474 

(13) 

7)231 

(14) 

7)266 

(15) 

7)476 

(16) 
7)189 

(17) 

7)329 

(18) 
7)840 

(19) 

8)272 

(20) 
8)408 

(21) 

8)512 

(22) 
8)328 

(23) 
8)504 

(24) 

8)960 

(25) 
9)279 

(26) 
9)396 

(27) 

9)477 

(28) 
9)648 

(29) 
9)864 

(30) 
9)387 

PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  141 

GENERAL  REVIEW. 


3UESSGH    3CC. 

ORAL  EXERCISES. 

Study  and  recite  these  examples  across  the  page,  thus :  2  and 
7  are  9;  2  from  9  leaves  7  •  2  times  7  are  14;  2  in  14,  7 


1. 

2 

and 

7? 

2 

from 

9? 

2 

times 

7? 

2 

in  14? 

2, 

3 

and 

9? 

3 

from 

12? 

3 

times 

9? 

3 

in  27? 

3. 

4 

and 

8? 

4 

from 

12? 

4 

times 

8? 

4 

in  32? 

4. 

5 

and 

7? 

5 

from 

12? 

5 

times 

7? 

5 

in  35? 

5. 

6 

and 

9? 

6 

from 

15? 

6 

times 

9? 

6 

in  54? 

6. 

7 

and 

8? 

7 

from 

15? 

7 

times 

8? 

7 

in  56? 

7. 

7 

and 

4? 

7 

from 

11? 

7 

times 

4? 

7 

in  28? 

8. 

8 

and 

6? 

8 

from 

14? 

8 

times 

6? 

8 

in  48? 

9. 

8 

and 

7? 

8 

from 

15? 

8 

times 

7? 

8 

in  56? 

10. 

9 

and 

5? 

9 

from 

14? 

9 

times 

5? 

9 

in  45? 

11. 

9 

and 

7? 

9 

from 

16? 

9 

times 

7? 

9 

in  63? 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 


(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

2 

24 

48 

64 

121 

135 

233 

450 

3 

35 

64 

43 

132 

144 

246 

108 

4 

46 

77 

57 

140 

155 

328 

200 

5 

£5 

39 

46 

135 

166 

344 

306 

6 

24 

48 

68 

124 

177 

422 

437 

7 

43 

56 

39 

155 

188 

346 

330 

8 

66 

66 

47 

166 

199 

166 

149 

Add  _9  27         44         84  143  145  222  128 

(9)  (10)  (11)  (12)  (13)  (14)  (15) 

From  407          564  640  702  506  547  603 

Take    289          347  518  486  389  388  486 


142 


PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 


(16) 

Multiply  270 
By  ...       3 


345 
6 


(18) 

383 

4 


(19)  (20) 

209  460 

6  5 


(21) 
244 

7 


(22)  (23)  (24)  (25)  (26)  (27) 

Divide:  3)408        4)760        5)565        6)876        7)945        8)904 


•bBSSOM    XCI« 

ORAL 

EXERCISES. 

1. 

2 

and 

9? 

9 

from 

11? 

2 

times 

9? 

2 

in  18? 

2. 

3 

and 

8? 

3 

from 

11? 

3 

times 

8? 

3 

in  24? 

3. 

4 

and 

7? 

4 

from 

11? 

4 

times 

7? 

4 

in  28? 

4. 

5 

and 

9? 

5 

from 

14? 

5 

times 

9? 

5 

in  45? 

5. 

6 

and 

8? 

6 

from 

14? 

6 

times 

8? 

6 

in  48? 

6. 

6 

and 

7? 

6 

from 

13? 

6 

times 

7? 

6 

in  42? 

7. 

7 

and 

9? 

7 

from 

16? 

7 

times 

9? 

7 

in  63? 

8. 

8 

and 

6? 

8 

from 

14? 

8 

times 

6? 

8 

in  48? 

9. 

9 

and 

8? 

9 

from 

17? 

9 

times 

8? 

9 

in  72? 

10. 

9 

and 

9? 

9 

from 

18? 

9 

times 

9? 

9 

in  81? 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

1.  Add  234,  275,  366,  and  484. 

2.  Add  244,  412,  561,  308,  and  445. 

3.  Add  327,  303,  482,  206,  409,  and  292. 

4.  From  865  subtract  336. 

5.  From  642  subtract  516. 

6.  From  736  subtract  345. 

7.  Multiply  241  by  4,  and  5. 

8.  Multiply  165  by  3,  4,  and  6. 

9.  Multiply  250  by  4,  5,  and  6. 
10.  Divide  248  by  2,  4,  and  8. 


PRIMARY   ARITHMETIC.  143 

11.  Divide  512  by  4,  8,  and  2. 

12.  Divide  864  by  3,  6,  and  9. 

13.  Divide  492  by  3,  4,  and  6. 

14.  What  is  the  sum  of  486  and  237? 

15.  What  is  the  difference  between  486  and  237? 

16.  What  is  the  product  of  348  multiplied  by  6? 

17.  What  is  the  quotient  of  348  divided  by  6? 


•bJSSSOH    XLCH. 

ORziL  EXERCISES. 

1.  William  bought  8  marbles,  and  Edward  gave 
him  6 :  how  many  marbles  had  he  then  ? 

2.  A  cooper  made  15  barrels,  and  sold  7  of  them: 
how  many  had  he  left? 

3.  Sarah  found  12  eggs,  and  Kate  found  9:  how 
many  eggs  did  both  find? 

4.  Albert  has  21  plums :  if  he  give  8   of  them  to 
Alice,  how  many  plums  will  he  have  left? 

5.  There  are  7  days  in  a  week :   how  many  days 
are  there  in  9  weeks? 

6.  There  are   8  quarts  in  one  peck:    how  many 
quarts  in  10  pecks?     In  8  pecks? 

7.  If  a  man  earn   8  dollars  a  week,  in  how  many 
weeks  will  he  earn  64  dollars? 

8.  If  a  cord  of  wood  cost    5    dollars,  how  many 
cords  can  you  buy  for  35  dollars? 

£).  How  long  will  it  take  a  steamer  to  run  90  miles 
at  the  rate  of  9  miles  an  hour  ? 


144  PRIMARY    ARITHMETIC. 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

1.  There  are  267  boys,  and  289  girls  in  a  school : 
how  many  pupils  in  the  school? 

2.  A  drover  bought  564  sheep,  and  sold  288  of 
them:  how  many  had  he  left? 

3.  A  merchant  had  408  yards  of  cloth,  and  sold 
184  yards:  how  many  yards  had  he  left? 

4.  There  are  338  apples  on  one  tree,  467  apples 
on  another,  and  169  apples  on  another :  how  many 
apples  on  all  the  trees? 

5.  A  miller  made  467  barrels  of  flour,  and  sold 
237  of  them :  how  many  barrels  remain  unsold  ? 

6.  There  are  320  rods  in  a  mile :  how  many  rods 
are  there  in  3  miles  ? 

7.  If  a  steamship  can  sail  290  miles  in  a  day,  how 
far  can  it  sail  in  6  days? 

8.  There  are  7  days  in  a  week :  how  many  weeks 
are  there  in  427  days  ? 

9.  If  3  bushels  of  apples  will  fill  a  barrel,  how 
many  barrels  will  468  bushels  fill? 

10.  A  farmer  bought  26  cows  at  18  dollars  a  head: 
how  much  did  they  cost? 

11.  If  a  man  build   8    rods  of  fence  in  a  day,  in 
how  many  days  will  he  build  464  rods? 

12.  If  a  man  can  walk  28  miles  a  day,  how  far 
can  he  walk  in  24 

^^ 


VA  02442 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


NEW  GEOGRAPHIES, 


IFTJIBIITSIKIEID 


ILSON,     INKLS  &' 


O. 


The  Eclectic  Series  of  Geographies,  consisting 

three  books,  by  A  KIXWEHR  and  D.  G.  BRINTOJ 

No.  lf  The  frlntar)  ^geography,  is  adapted  to  the 

of  pupiti^rcommencing  the  study.     The  language  is  sin 
and  clear ;  the  definitions  and  descriptions  are  exact ; 
plan  of  the  book  is  natural,  and  the  copper-plate  maps 
wonderfully  clear  and  definite. 

No.  2,  The  Intermediate  Geography,  is  intended 

the  use  of  the  higher  classes  in  Graded  Schools,  aivl  cont 

the  leading  principles  of  the  science,  so  arrange     as  to  s 

,t 

correct  ideas  to  pupils,  and,  at  the  ire 

aid  from  the  teacher  than  any  other  b.  b 

contains  full  instructions  in  map-drawing. 

\0.  3,  The  SchOOl  Geography,  embraces  a  iv 
ematical,  Political,    and  Physical  descript:on  of  the  Ea: 
and  is  intended    for  the   highest  classes  in  this  branch 
study.     The  maps,  which  are  the  basis  of  all  geograph 
study,  are  models  of  clearness.     The  physical    features 
:itry  are  fully  brought  out,  and  it  is  thus  made  j. 
•/ely. 


